Study of ferrum metabolism was performed in 30 patients with traumatic disease, i.e. fractures of the femur, pelvic bones, ribs accompanied by massive muscular hematomas. It has been detected that in severe bone injury besides extravascular hemolysis the intravascular hemolysis, that affects the ferrum metabolism, takes place. Excess of free ferrum activates free radical oxidation processes and results in reduction of total antioxidant activity that is proved by lability of Fe2+ - induced hemiluminescence indices as well as causes the disturbance of blood rheology that influences the course of traumatic disease. Results of experimental study on 30 male Wistar rats in which the conditions of I stage of traumatic shock were created showed that administration of Desferal contributed to blood viscosity improvement.

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Background.Today, osteoarthritis, in particular its clinical form of gonarthrosis, is the most common degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the joints in practice in all countries. The objective:of the present study was to estimate the efficacy of local pulsed magnetotherapy on capillary blood flow in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joint. Methods.A total of 50 patients aged from 36 to 65 years with IIII stage gonarthrosis. All patients of the main group (n=25) received treatment with a pulsed magnetic field and NSAID therapy (diclofenac 25 mg 3 times a day, course 15 days). Patients in the comparison group (n=25) received only NSAIDs. The functional state of the capillary bed was assessed by biomicroscopy of the vessels of the outer corner of the eye using a fiber optic ophthalmoscope with a Riester Ri-ScopeL diode lamp (Germany). The state of the vessels of the angle of the eye was assessed by capillary (KI1) intravascular (KI2), extravascular (KI3) and general (KIgen) indices. Results.After a course of local pulsed magnetotherapy, normalization of the ateriol-venular ratio, restoration of blood flow through the capillaries and the disappearance of a cloudy background were noted in all patients of the main group. After 6 months, the found changes were preserved in the patients of the main group, while in patients receiving NSAID mototherapy, all positive changes from the capillary blood flow disappeared. Conclusions.In recent years, magnetotherapy, both general and local, has been successfully used to treat patients with gonarthrosis. One of the mechanisms of action of magnetic fields is to improve microcirculation in tissues. The therapeutic effect of magnetic fields in gonarthrosis has been studied, and its high efficiency has been proven.

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Increasing evidence suggests that the exogenous electromagnetic field may be involved in many biological processes of great importance for therapeutic interventions. It is known that variable electromagnetic fields are a non-invasive, safe and effective therapeutic tool without obvious side effects. Numerous studies have shown that variable electromagnetic fields can become an independent or additional method of treating diseases of the musculoskeletal system. However, several questions remain unresolved. Prior to their widespread clinical application, further research is needed based on well-designed, high-quality studies to standardize treatment parameters and develop an optimal protocol for healthcare decision making. In this review, we aimed to provide up-to-date data on the mechanism of action, clinical application, and controversy regarding variable electromagnetic fields in the physiotherapy of musculoskeletal disorders.