The shelf life of chocolate is the period of time during which it will retain acceptable appearance, aroma, flavour and texture.Chocolate is a high energy foodstuff with a complex nutritional profile, containing 28-40% lipids (cocoa butter, possibly other vegetable fats and milk fat), 50-70% carbohydrates, and 4-8% proteins. It is also an important source of mineral salts (Ca, Mg, Fe, Na, K) coming from cocoa liquor, and vitamins (riboflavin, vitamin A, vitamin E).Despite this complexity, chocolate is very shelf stable due principally to the unique properties of cocoa. Cocoa solids contain a natural antioxidant in the form of tocopherol and cocoa butter breaks down to inoffensive short chain fatty acids.As a result, most chocolate products can be classified as 'medium' or 'long life' products which, when packaged, should have a storage life under normal conditions of temperature and humidity of nine months or longer. In the UK 'normal' conditions are probably represented by a temperature of 20°C and 60-65% relative humidity.Nevertheless, degradation of the product can occur at earlier stages whereby its physical and/or organoleptic characteristics no longer correspond to the parameters set by the manufacturer's quality standard and so are unacceptable.It is the purpose of this chapter to examine the attributes of chocolate which provide this stability and how product degradation can occur. The various forms which chocolate confectionery can take will be considered and factors influencing their shelf lives. Methods of determining shelf lives will also be examined. Composition of chocolateThe precise composition of chocolate varies throughout the world due to differing national tastes and varying legislation which is mainly concerned with the percentages of cocoa and added milk solids, and amounts and types of permitted vegetable fats.
AUTORIZANLa presentación de la Tesis Doctoral: "Papel de las proteínas transportadoras de ácidos grasos (FABPs), en la cadena de señalización del efecto neurotrófico del ácido oleico en neuronas", realizada bajo su dirección por el Licenciado en Y para que conste, firman el documento, en Salamanca a 09 de Julio de 2012. Fdo. José María Medina Jiménez Fdo. Aránzazu Tabernero Urbieta ILMO SR. DR. DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOQUÍMICA Y BIOLOGÍA MOLECULAR DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE SALAMANCA ratos de café. A André, por sus enseñanzas y recomendaciones. A Lourdes, a quien no conocí hasta mucho tiempo después de llevar intercambiados numerosos correos, por su energía, y su ayuda y consejos durante la continuación de su trabajo de Alzheimer. A los miembros de la línea de las conexinas, Teresa, Sandra y José Carlos, por los buenos ratos pasados. Y por último, al "reciente" doctor, a Alex, el jedi que me tuvo como padawan brevemente, y con el que he compartido muchas horas de laboratorio y he vivido los momentos buenos y aquellos en los que no salen las cosas. My gratitude to Prof. Hannah Monyer from Klinische Neurobiologie des Universitätsklinikums -Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), at Heidelberg, for the opportunity to be in her lab and the chance to learn new techniques, and participate in her research projects and interesting lab meetings. Special thanks to Dr. Julieta Alfonso and Dr. Corentin Le Magueresse for helping me during my stay and their guidance in the work. Thank you, all of you, for your help and the meal's times during my stay. Thank you so much, Dr. Anne Herb and Ms Laura Winkel for making me easy the incorporation to the laboratory and helping with the administrative requirements. Thank you, Ms Irmgard Preugschat-Gumprecht and Ms Regina Hinz-Herkommer, both of you,made me feel like at home during my stay in the lab. A los compañeros del laboratorio 102, ahora integrantes del 122 y 128, futuros integrantes del IBFG, a los que todavía siguen y a los se encuentran repartidos por múltiples laboratorios. A la Dra. María Delgado, a Nacho, Ángel, Rubén, Mónica, Patricia, Seila, Verónica,… por los momentos vividos, especialmente en las cenas y los congresos. A los compañeros de Biología Celular, Carmela, Gloria, Fernando, Azucena, David, Miguel, y todos los que me dejo en el tintero, por toda la ayuda prestada y los ratos fuera del trabajo. A Verónica, del laboratorio 13, por sus palabras y consejos dentro y fuera del INCyL. A los miembros del racimo de bioquímica, Raquel, Julia, Mercedes, Ariadna, Pilar y Néstor, por las risas, los viajes y los cafés. A los amigos, los que me han soportado durante ya bastante tiempo, en los buenos y malos momentos. A Ro. A Noe, Pablo y Marta. A Olga (best-friend ever), a pesar de que me llames viejo, y porque las clases con D. Julio y las horas compartidas son ya muchas. A Jesús por toda su ayuda y sus consejos, por los cafés y las noches de póker a las que se incorporaba María, la hermana de uno de los siguientes. A esos dos caballeros de escapadas y vivencias, que me conocen desde ha...
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