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Iron deficiency is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency in the world and the most common form of micronutrient malnutrition in women. The attention of the medical community is directed toward strategies that prevent latent forms of iron deficiency. To improve the tolerability and efficacy of the compounds used in supplementation, various new technological options for slowing down the release of ferrous sulfate are being considered in order to reduce the production of highly reactive, nontransferrin- bound iron (NTBI) in the body. The effects of excess free iron in the blood, in addition to oxidative stress, include systemic inflammation, infections, and disorders in the gut microbiome. An innovative new product “Food Fermented Koji Iron” (Solgar®) is a Koji culture enriched with Ultimine™ ferrous sulfate. A study of pharmacokinetic characteristics demonstrated high bioavailability comparable to ferrous sulfate, which is currently the gold standard for the treatment of iron deficiency conditions. Unlike FeSO4, Koji Iron has a complex matrix consisting of proteins and carbohydrates, which supports the possibility of a slower release of iron from the vacuoles in Aspergillus oryzae without forming high concentrations of the reactive iron pool. Key words: iron deficiency, supplementation, fermented Koji Iron

The article goes to describe clinical and pharmacological approaches to choosing a drug with an optimal efficacy/safety profile, providing the necessary analgesic effect in tension-type headache. TRPV1 brain receptors are considered the main action point of the mediator. Aim. The purpose of this study is a comparative analysis of the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters of ibuprofen and paracetamol as a part of fixed dose combination and as monotherapy in tension type headaches. Materials and methods. Comparative dissolution kinetics test; Comparative analysis of pharmacokinetic parameters using the PubMed/MEDLINE database. Results. The median Tmax of ibuprofen as a part of a fixed-dose combination and as a monotherapy is 75 minutes. The median Tmax of paracetamol is 30 min when taken in a fixed dose combination and 40 min as a monotherapy. In patients who received the fixed dose combination, the concentration of ibuprofen in the blood plasma after 10 minutes 6.64 g/ml-1; after 20 minutes 16.81 g/ml-1, while when taken in the same dose in as a monotherapy, respectively, 0.58 and 9.00 g/ml-1. The mean plasma concentrations of paracetamol after 10 and 20 minutes in patients receiving the fixed combination were 5.43 and 14.54 g/ml-1, respectively, compared with 0.33 and 9.19 g/ml-1 for paracetamol as monotherapy. dissolution kinetics test of the Paracytolgin: after 5 minutes, 20% of paracetamol passed into the solution in a system with a pH of 1.2; in a system with a pH of 4.5 36.4%; in a system with a pH of 6.8 33.5%; after 10 minutes, respectively 68.5, 98.0 and 89.6%. After 15 minutes, almost complete dissolution was noted in all systems: 98.5, 98.8 and 100.5%, respectively. Discussion. The combination of ibuprofen and paracetamol makes it possible to enhance the analgesic effect as a result of additive action by the help of central mechanisms. The fixed dose combination of ibuprofen and paracetamol significantly increases the rate of absorption of paracetamol, which has potential therapeutic benefits in terms of a faster analgesias onset. Conclusion. The fixed dose combination of ibuprofen and paracetamol provides faster and long-term anaesthesia with a comparatively lower dosage of each analgesic.