Карбоангідраза (КА, карбонатгідроліаза КФ 4.2.1.1) -один з найпоширеніших металоензимів, що здійснює оборотну гідратацію СО 2 . В живих організмах від прокаріот до людини КА представлена шістьма родинами (позначаються як α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ), кожна з яких включає множинні форми [1, 2], що свідчить про їх незалежне еволюційне походження. Хоча чотири з цих родин білків пов'язані з конкретною групою організмів (α -з хребетними, β -з прокаріотами, γ -з археями і ε -з хемолітотрофами), геномний аналіз показує, що в межах одного організму наявні ізоформи більше ніж однієї родини [2].У Arabidopsis ідентифіковано принаймні 17 генів, які кодують ізоформи КА з α, β і γ родин, проте клітинна локалізація деяких ізоформ КА залишається невідомою [3]. Серед рослинних КА маловивченими залишаються стромальні і тилакоїдні форми ферменту, локалізовані на внутрішніх мембранах хлоропластів клітин мезофілу листка [4]. У хлоропластах, крім великої кількості β-карбоангідрази 1 (β-КА1) і значно меншого вмісту α-КА1, ло-
Aim. To isolate and purify protein complexes – ATP synthase and RuBisCO – from pea leaf chloroplasts and study the effect of a microbiological fertilizer “Extracon” and sulfonamide inhibitors acetazolamide and ethoxyzolamide on the enzymatic activity of these proteins.Materials and methods. Chloroplasts were isolated from the leaves of two-week-old pea sprouts, protein complexes of purified thylakoid membranes were solubilized with digitonin (10 mg of digitonin per 1 mg of protein), the protein concentration was determined according to Lowry. Native electrophoresis with displacement of the charge of the soluble protein fraction from the chloroplast stroma, as well as membrane proteins, was carried out in the modified system of Anderson et al., Kolisnichenko et al. A modified Lemmley system was applied to the protein electrophoresis in the polyacrylamide gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The methods of Alain and Hintsik, as well as Gomorrah were used to determine the ATPase activity in the polyacrylamide gel. Visualization of the carbonic anhydrase activity in the polyacrylamide gel was performed by the method of Edwards and Petton. Results and discussion. Using physicochemical methods of potentiometry, spectrophotometry the ATPase, carbonic anhydrase and esterase activities of the enzymes were studied. The results obtained indicate that specific carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide and ethoxyzolamide) also block the esterase and ATPase activity of the enzyme complexes. “Extracon” (a multifunctional microbiological preparation) almost 1.5 times increases the activity of the enzymes, showing a complex activating effect of the fertilizer on both light and dark reactions of photosynthesis.Conclusions. The method of identification and isolation of RuBisCO and ATP synthase on the basis of two-dimensional electrophoresis and electrophoretic elution has been proposed. It allows determining the presence of certain enzyme activity of complexes at first in SDS plates (express analysis) and further to study the effect of various factors of endogenous and exogenous origin on the enzymatic properties of electrophoretically pure enzymes. The use of two-dimensional electrophoresis as a tool for assessing the impact of various factors of endogenous and exogenous origin on the plant cell and the plant as a whole through constant monitoring of the work and activity of enzyme systems of the plant cell is promising.
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