The possible microstructure of water was demonstrated in the form of cluster-gyroscopic formations (1t20) n of some of the water molecules in which the high density of H bonds is in qualitative agreementSome properties of water, including anomalous properties, can in our opinion [1] be explained with the premises of the cluster-gyroscopic model of the microstructure of water. Based on this model, an attempt was made to solve a number of technological problems related to the use of water in manufacture of fibres. However, the conciseness of the exposition in [1] can cause some misunderstandings. The purpose of the present article is a more detailed and convincing examination of the cluster-hygroscopic model of the microstructure of liquid water which was apparently not previously discussed in the literature. The model was tested by using well investigated and reproducible parameters. A number of widely known relations were used and new ones were introduced. The research was divided into two articles: in the present article, together with a geometric description of the model, substantiation with the following indexes was conducted: the dielectric relaxation time of dipoles of water, the diamagnetic susceptibility, the electromagnetic radiation absorption factor; in the second part, some aspects of the frequency-temperature dependence of the complex dielectric constant, refractive index, and absorption coefficient of water are discussed in the second part.The external and surrounding electromagnetic field affects the orientation of the dipole of the water molecule. Rotation of the axis of the dipole is related to polarization characterized by relaxation time r. According to Debye, r D is proportional to the viscous friction of a dipole of radius p in a medium with dynamic viscosity 7/ and is inversely proportional to the temperature T:where k is the Boltzmann constant.The values of r D calculated via the relaxation wavelength X r with the following relation are reported in [2] to = Lh/(2rtc,, ).( 2) where c o is the velocity of light in a vacuum. The relation obtained from exponential expansion of the equation for polarization is sometimes reported, where the Debye molecular relaxation time is related to the characteristic time r' as [3, p. 21] i i Uvikom, Mytishchi.

.93 J/(g.K), and thermal conductivity of 83 to 120 W/(m.K) in the O-IO0~ temperature range.The physical properties of carbon fibre --mechanical strength, electrical resistance, thermal conductivity, etc. --are a function of the temperature of treating the initial viscose fibre. Many parameters of the fibre are stabilized at a temperature above 1500~ as structure formation is completed. The conductivity of the fibre changes most significantly. To correctly use carbon fibres in different areas of technology, it is necessary to know their electrothermal behavior and lifetime in service.The results of the experimental study of the effect of the temperature, established in passage of a direct electric current, on the electrical resistance, active lifetime, thermal conductivity, and heat capacity of the carbon fibre fabricated by heat treatment of viscose industrial fibre at 2200~ in a wide range of linear densities are reported here. The experiments were conducted on mass-produced carbon fibres with a linear density of 70 to 410 tex.The electrical resistance of the carbon fibre was measured by the bridge method using a four-electrode block, calculating it per meter of fibre. The active resistance of the carbon fibre as a function of the current strength for fibres of different linear density is shown in Fig. 1. The change in the slope oftheR(I) curves indicates the different temperature of heating the fibres in passing an electric current of the same strength through them. It follows from the data in Fig. 1 that the carbon fibre has a nonlinear volt-ampere characteristic and negative temperature coefficient of resistancewhere R o is the electric resistance of the carbon fibre at temperature to; the absolute value of coefficient ct is not constant, but is a function of the temperature and linear density of the fibre.The average values of some physical parameters of 50 samples of carbon fibres of different linear density are reported in Table 1. The specific breaking load (~) and elongation at break (e) were determined parallel to measurement of the electric UVIKOM, Mytishchi.

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The moisture content in freshly spun fibre, which is correlated with the temperature dependence of the cluster composition of water, decreases significantly with an increase in the processing temperature from 20 to 600C. Agreement was demonstrated for different nonlam'ce close packings of spheres of the same radius with the same reduced density and contact number and the mixture structure of water in the form of cluster-hygroscopic supermolecular formations (H20)n, in which the number of molecules is a function of the temperature and varies from < 6. 7> (with a mole fraction of water of approximately 0.9 in the clusters) at O~ to < 2.8> (0.43) at 100~ It was hypothesized that at a temperature of approximately 40 and 80~ resonance absorption of electromagnetic energy with a frequency equal to the natural frequency of water takes place. Destruction of the cluster microstructure of water in the energy absorption zone begins for an external electromagnetic field frequency above 600 GHz.In production of many chemical fibres, especially with the wet spinning method, water is used not only as a heat carrier, but also as a technological component a constituent part of the solvent, a medium for mass exchange processes in washing and finishing. Process water is used in especially large volumes in fabrication of viscose and polyacrylonitrile fibres.When cellulose xanthate is used as the solvent in the viscose process, water behaves in an unusual manner. The deepest dissolution and highest quality of the spinning solution is attained when the temperature of dissolution is decreased to 5~ and lower. With respect to the phase state of the system, this is because viscose is a system with a lower critical temperature of mixing. With respect to the molecular interaction, it was hypothesized in [ 1, p. 80] that the "polymer---solvent complex formed by hydrogen bonds is very compatible with an excess of solvent. This is observed at relatively low temperatures. When the temperature is increased, the complexes created by hydrogen bonds decompose and incomplete incompatibility of the con~ponents arises."A similar situation is observed during washing and drying. The concentration of water in freshly spun viscose fibre as a function of the processing temperature within the limits of 20 to 100*C is shown in Fig. 1. The moisture content in the fibre decreases from 93% at 20~ to 80% at 100~ An especially sharp decrease is observed when the temperature is increased to 60~ In this case, the moisture content is 81%. This characteristic of the reaction of cellulose with water is used in drying. After drying begins, the fibre is heated to 60-65~ and the separated water is wrung out. The power consumed for drying decreases by 10-15 %.The decrease in the moisture content in the fibre with an increase in the processing temperature can also be attributed to breaking of the hydrogen bonds of cellulose hydroxyls with water [ 1, p. 80]. However, this can also be explained based on the cluster-hygroscopic model of the microstructure of water. The model...

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