Since 1999, human cases of West Nile fever/neuroinvasive disease (WND) have been reported annually in Russia. The highest incidence has been recorded in three provinces of southern European Russia (Volgograd, Astrakhan and Rostov Provinces), yet in 2010–2012 the distribution of human cases expanded northwards considerably. From year to year, the number of WND cases varied widely, with major WND outbreaks in 1999, 2007, 2010, and 2012. The present study was aimed at identifying the most important climatic and environmental factors potentially affecting WND incidence in the three above-mentioned provinces and at building simple prognostic models, using those factors, by the decision trees method. The effects of 96 variables, including mean monthly temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, etc. were taken into account. The findings of this analysis show that an increase of human WND incidence, compared to the previous year, was mostly driven by higher temperatures in May and/or in June, as well as (to a lesser extent) by high August-September temperatures. Declining incidence was associated with cold winters (December and/or January, depending on the region and type of model). WND incidence also tended to decrease during year following major WND outbreaks. Combining this information, the future trend of WND may be, to some extent, predicted, in accordance with the climatic conditions observed before the summer peak of WND incidence.
ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ 892017, issue 1 несмотря на то, что заболеваемость сибирской язвой животных и людей в российской Федерации доведена до спорадического уровня, риски ослож-нения ситуации по-прежнему сохраняются [7,9]. это подтвердила имевшая место летом 2016 г. вспышка сибирской язвы, возникшая на полуостро-ве ямал. выявить причины и условия осложнения эпизоотолого-эпидемиологической ситуации, а так-же прогнозировать возможные негативные послед-ствия позволяет методология оценки рисков [1,10,11]. стало очевидным, что заключение об отсут-ствии или наличии той или иной степени опасности заражения сибирской язвой населения должно бази-роваться на результатах динамического изучения це-лого комплекса известных факторов риска. к их чис-лу относятся социально-экономические, природно-климатические и биологические факторы.цель исследования -определение причин и усло-вий осложнения эпизоотолого-эпидемиологической ситуации по сибирской язве на ямале путем ком-плексной оценки риска. цель исследования. анализ эпизоотологических и эпидемиологических рисков, способствовав-ших развитию вспышки сибирской язвы на полуострове ямал в июле-августе 2016 г. материалы и методы. для анализа рисков использовался комплексный подход, позволивший по материалам лите-ратурных, архивных, а также статистических данных в динамике оценить действие эпидемиологи-чески значимых социальных, природных и биологических рисков. особое внимание уделено оценке природно-климатических факторов, способствующих сохранению возбудителя в окружающей среде, таких как индекс NDVI, температура и влажность воздуха, а также почвы на различной глубине по дан-ным спутникового мониторинга. результаты и выводы. подтверждена гипотеза о стационарном не-благополучии почвенных очагов ямала, сохраняющейся опасности осложнения эпизоотологической и эпидемиологической ситуации по сибирской язве на фоне меняющихся природных и социальных фак-торов риска, а также способности возбудителя выживать в почве неопределенно длительное время.Ключевые слова: сибирская язва, B. anthracis, вспышка, ямал, эпизоотологические и эпидемиологи-ческие риски, природные и социальные факторы, биологическая опасность. Objective of the study was to analyze epizootiological and epidemiological risks contributing to the development of anthrax outbreak in the Yamal peninsular in July-August, 2016. Materials and methods. Risks were evaluated using complex approach allowing for determination of the impact of epidemiologically significant social, natural, and biological risks, based on literature sources, archival data, and statistical reports. Special focus was on the natural-climatic factors, providing for persistence of the agent in the environment, such as NDVI index, atmospheric temperature and humidity, as well as soil temperature and moisture at different depths, in accordance with satellite monitoring. Results and conclusions. Justified was the hypothesis on sustained adversity of soil foci in Yamal, remaining hazard of aggravation of epizootiological and epidemiological situation on anthrax against the ba...
Among infectious diseases, tuberculosis is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. Since 2000, Brazil is one of twenty two countries classified as "high burden countries" by World Health Organization. This study aims to report epidemiological and economic profile of tuberculosis related hospitalizations in Brazil. MethOds: Retrospective analysis of Brazilian public hospital admissions for tuberculosis was developed according to ICD-10 classification (A15-A19) as reported in Brazilian Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS) database, from January 2008 to December 2011. Epidemiological data were extracted from public reporting system. Costs represent federal reimbursement values for hospitalizations (medical procedures, exams, drugs and fees) estimated in 2013 Brazilian Real (BRL). Results:
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