By addition of saturated fatty acids (C14‐C18) in concentrations of 0.34 and 0.57% gelatinization temperature (GT) of wheat starch is reduced from 82.5°C to 81°C. Oleic acid (C18:1) increases GT. Palmitic and stearic acid (0.57%) cause a little increase of viscosity only, but during heating a slope of viscosity is observed. In contrast to saturated fatty acids monoglyderides increase GT with exception of glycerinmonooleate, which reduces GT. Glycerinmonomyristate and glycerinmonolinoleate increase the initial viscosity. Monoglyceride ethers, first time used for those studies, influence viscosity differently. Rac‐1‐O‐octadecylglycerol reduces GT from 82.5 to 81°C and the final viscosity is lowered remarkable but rac‐1‐O‐[(Z)‐9‐octadecenyl]glycerol causes an increase of GT from 82.5 to 85.5°C. Initial and end viscosity are raised also.
An ICC cooperative test on Amylograph viscosity of milled-rice flour involving 11 laboratories and 4 contrasting rice samples was undertaken to determine the reproducibility of the method. The highest contribution to total variance was from sample followed by laboratory and then sample x laboratory. Only 2 of 9 laboratories showed similar peak viscosities on the samples, only 3 of 8 laboratories had similar cooked paste final viscosities, but none of 7 laboratories had similar cooled paste final viscosities using preground flour and a c o m m o n method. Use of individual mills to prepare flour for the c o m m o n method and use of 1 a b o r a t o r y method with preground flours increased variance due to laboratory and reduced the contribution of sample. Final gelatinization temperature of starch may be readily estimated from the apparent temperature of 20 BU intercept of the Amylograph curve of 20% preground paste from the results of 5 laboratories with 700g . cm cartridge. Gemeinschaftsuntersuchung der amylographischen Messung vonReismehl hinsichtlich der Pastenviskositat und der Starke-Verkleisterungstemperatur. Ein 1 I Laboratorien umfassendes gemeinschaftliches Projekt der ICC (International Association of Cereal Chemists) befafite sich mit der Priifung des amylographischen Verhaltens von 10% vorvermahlenem Mehl von 4 bezuglich der Verkleisterungseigenschaften stark differierenden Reissorten unter Verwendung einer dem Zweck angepal3ten allgemeinen Methode von Halick und Kelly [2]. Der Test zeigte signifikante Abweichung aufgrund von Probe, Laboratorien sowie Wechselwirkung zwischen Probe und Laboratorium, Uberlaufen der Probe sowie Unterschiede in der Wirksamkeit von Erhitzung und Abkiihlung, in der Verkleisterungszeit und in der scheinbaren Temperatur bei der Spitzenviskositat zwischen den einzelnen Apparaten spiegelte Unterschiede in der Temperaturkontrolle wieder. Die Spitzenviskositat wurde im Gegensatz zu der Viskositat der gekochten und abgekuhlten Paste durch andere Faktoren als die Probe selbst beeinflufit. Die Laboratoriumsmuhle und die Laboratoriumsmethode trugen ebenfalls zu den Abweichungen der Amylograph-Viskositiiten bei. Beziiglich der Verkleisterungstemperatur 20%iger Pasten, d . h. der Temperatur, die dem Schnittpunkt der Viskositatskurve mit der 20 BU-Linie (BU = Brabender Units) bei Verwendung der 700 g.cm-MeBdose entspricht, korrespondierte mit der durch Photometrie und Doppelbrechungs-Endpunkt-Temperatur (BEPT) gemessenen Verkleisterungstemperatur. 42 starch/st%rke 37 (1985) Nr. 2, s. 40-50
The extraction of wheat starch with ethanol reduced the protein content from 0.4 to 0.3%. Wheat starch extracted with 1% SDS containing 1% 2‐ME or with 1% SDS gave no staining with amido black, indicating that most of starch surface protein has been separated. TLC of lipids extracted from starch without gelatinization showed that ethanol extracted considerable amounts of starch lipids such as lysophosphatidyl choline, lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine and free fatty acids. After extraction with SDS and especially with SDS + 1% 2‐ME only some starch granules were deformed. In this starch some changes have been observed also on the granules surface by REM. The extraction resulted also in considerable changes in rheological properties of extracted starches. The starch samples were characterized thermodynamically also.
f i t 1 u 11 t i , D r . A. W . E 1 B (I y n iiml Lrdwtr ~t t i i~t d -C l i v t t z .U. M (7 i ti ren Arts r l c v B i i n r l~~s r~t i s f r i l~ lrir Frlfjorsrlritrrg. M t i i z s t f r (Wrsfj.)Dic antioxydative Wirkung verschiedener Pflanzenextrakte wurde an hochgcreinigtem I.addeinij1 sowie Linolsiiurc-methylester bestimmt. Extrakte aus den periphcren Zonen versrfiic-dener Fruchtc bcsitzen die maxirnalc oxydationshemmende Wirkung, und zwnr in Abhangigkeit von Sorte und Lagerungsdauer. Das Flavonol Quercetin kommt irn Kiihenzwiebel-Fleisch als Glykosid und nicht in freier Form vor. Im Zusarnmenhang mit der Haltbarkeit von Kartoffelprodukten wahrend der Lagerung wurden der Lipoid-Gehalt und die Verteilung der 1,ipoide zwisrfien Starke und EiweiD in der Kartoffel ermittelt. Die Mijglichkcit einer eventuellen Verwertung der in Kartoffelsrfialen befindlihen Antioxydantien wird diskutiert. Antioxidative action of various plant extracts on highly purified linseed oil and methyl linoleate w a s determined. Extracts from the peripheral zones of different fruits possess the maximum oxidation inhibiting action, which depends on the variety and the period of storage. 'The flavonol quercetin occurs in the flesh of onions as glycoside and not in free state. In connection with the stability of potato products during storage, thc lipid content and the distribution of lipids between star& and protein of the potatoes are determined. The scope of a possible utilization of the antioxidants present in the potato skins is discussed.
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