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A model for predicting the time-dependent vertical thermal structure of lakes is presented. Radiative heating with depth, mixing induced by the surface wave field, and turbulent energy exchanges arc included as lake-averaged processes. The model was designed to be applicable to a wide range of lake sizes. Comparison of predictions with horizontally averaged observations from Lake Ontario during IFYGL and unaveraged (local) observations from Llyn Cwellyn, Wales, show good agreement.

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