The possibilities of the action of uneven air flows on the grain material in the separating channels are still not used enough. The reason for this is the insufficient knowledge of the processes of interaction of the components of the grain material with an uneven air flow. The purpose of the research is to increase the efficiency of grain material separation according to aerodynamic properties by purposefully changing the diagram of air velocities in the channel sections using the actions of lateral and aerodynamic forces. The separation efficiency of grain material components was determined by trajectory analysis. The different geometry of the pneumatic separation channel was studied. The study of the distribution of air velocity and air pressure vectors in a vertical annular channel was carried out using the FlowVision software. It has been established that a change in the air velocity diagram can be implemented both by changing the geometric parameters of the channel and by additional distributed air supply through the perforation in the side walls of the pneumatic channel. Based on the analysis of the velocity field, an improved scheme of a pneumatic gravitational separator is proposed for separating grain material into three fractions according to aerodynamic characteristics.

The aim of the research is to increase the efficiency of harvesting the non-grain part of the sunflower crop for energy purposes by developing technology and substantiation of technical means. The analysis of sunflower harvesting technologies is carried out; the method of harvesting the crushed mass of the non-grain part of the sunflower crop with the formation of windrows of high linear mass at the edge of the field is substantiated. The results of laboratory field research of harvesting, selection and pressing of the crushed mass of the non-grain part of the sunflower crop are presented. Directions of improvement of the baler for harvesting of a non-grain part of sunflower harvest are noted. The constructional-technological scheme of the trailed hopper and windrow-former to the combine harvester for formation of windrows of a non-grain part of a crop of sunflower with the increased running weight is offered. The results of laboratory field studies confirmed the hypothesis of the possibility of selecting the rolls of the crushed mass of the non-grain part of the sunflower crop with a running weight of more than 20 kg per meter at a level of losses not exceeding 20%. The efficiency of harvesting the non-grain part of the sunflower crop for energy purposes can be increased by collecting the crushed mass passed through the combine harvester in a trailed digger and forming rolls with high running weight at the edge of the field for drying and subsequent selection by serial balers. It is established that at the level of yield of sunflower seeds within 3 ton per ha the volume of harvesting by the combine harvester of the crushed weight of non-grain part makes 7.5-8.5 center per ha. When picking with a baler, rolls with a density of 75-90 kg per m3 were formed at an average humidity of 23%.

Annotation Purpose. Refinement of the mathematical description for calculating the movement of particles of sunflower material in the working gap of the threshing-separating device of the plot combine. Methods. Theoretical studies were carried out on the basis of the analysis of the dynamics of the movement of particles of sunflower material relative to the surface of a closed-type drum of a selection combine. Results. A mathematical description of the movement of particles of sunflower material in the working gap of the threshing-separating device of a selection combine with a closed drum is given. The dependence of the speed of movement of material particles on the initial speed of material feeding has been established. The dependence of the particle velocity on the radius of the closed-type drum of the selection combine has been established. The dependence of the speed of movement of the mass of sunflower material under the action of a closed-type drum of a selection combine on the coefficient of friction of the material is obtained. Conclusions. The obtained theoretical dependences of the speed of movement of the mass of sunflower material in the working gap of the threshing device of the selection harvester make it possible to substantiate the rational design and technological parameters of the closed-type threshing drum. Keywords: closed drum, speed, movement, coefficient of friction, plot combine, sunflower.

Annotation Purpose. Systematize energy costs in the implementation of technological processes for harvesting by-products of corn and sunflower for energy purposes. Methods. Processing of analytical and experimental data based on the basic provisions of mathematical statistics, simulation using a computer and software mathematical environments MathCad, Statistics, Microsoft Office. Results. The calculations of energy efficiency indicators of the use of corn and sunflower for energy purposes are given. The dependences of the energy efficiency of the technological process of harvesting the crushed mass of corn and sunflower in pressed form on the yield at different levels of humidity of the non-grain part of the crop are obtained. Conclusions. It is established that the value of energy costs to compensate for the removal of elements by different components of the non-grain part of the crop varies significantly: corn – 0.36–2.15 MJ/kg; sunflower – 0.7–1.63 MJ/kg. The coefficient of energy efficiency of the developed process of harvesting corn for energy purposes, taking into account the removal of nutrients is 10.5–11.5, sunflower – 8.7–9.0, with a humidity of 20%. Keywords: non-grain part of corn and sunflower harvest, harvesting of non-grain part, energy efficiency.

Полтавська державна аграрна академія В. В. Шевчук, кандидат технічних наук, старший науковий співробітник ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8305-4714 Уманський національний університет садівництва А. Я. Кузьмич, кандидат технічних наук ORCID ID: 0000-0003-3102-0840 Національний науковий центр «Інститут механізації та електрифікації сільського господарства» Дослідження направлено на покращення якісних і енергетичних показників технологічних процесів обробітку ґрунту голковими боронами за умов їх застосування для мілкого поверхневого рихлення в природно-кліматичних зонах, які схильні до вітрової ерозії. Розроблено метод аналітичного оцінювання площинно-поверхневої та просторово-глибинної взаємодії голки голчатої борони із ґрунтом, який уможливлює підвищити точність прогнозування техніко-експлуатаційних показників виконання технологічного процесу обробітку ґрунту та зменшити енергетичні витрати на його реалізацію. Встановлено залежності для оцінювання поверхнево-площинної та просторово-глибинної взаємодію голки із ґрунтом. Ключові слова: голка голчатої борони, взаємодія голки із ґрунтом, коефіцієнт поверхнево-площинної взаємодії, просторово-глибинна взаємодія.