ABSTRACT. The paper is compares the chronology of the monuments of the Scythian epoch located in the east and west of the Eurasian steppe zone on the basis of both archaeological and radiocarbon data. The lists of 14 C dates for the monuments located in different parts of Eurasia are presented according to the periods of their existence. Generally, the 14 C dates are confirmed the archaeological point of view and allow us to compare the chronological position of the European and Asian Scythian monuments on the united 14 C time scale.

This paper focuses on the chronological study of 2 Scythian period monuments that are the key to the chronology of the entire Eurasian Scythian culture. These are the unique monuments of Arzhan-1 and Arzhan-2 in Central Asia (Tuva Republic). The dating of both these monuments began immediately after their discovery, but discussion about their chronological position is still current. Both monuments contained considerable wooden material from their construction suitable for dendrochronology and radiocarbon dating. The first results for the Arzhan-1 barrow were obtained by wiggle-matching in 2004–2005, while the Arzhan-2 barrow was first dated in 2003. It is now possible to compare the chronological position of these barrows using the same methods. As postulated earlier, Arzhan-1 is the oldest Scythian period monument and is dated to the boundary of the 8–9th centuries BC. The position of the Arzhan-2 monument stretches to the middle of the 7th century BC. δ13C values for annual tree rings in logs from both barrows were also determined to gain a better understanding of the climatic conditions at the time of barrow construction.

The first radiocarbon dates for the famous monuments of European Scythia were produced for the Kelermes, Seven Brothers, Solocha and Chertomlyk barrows (burial mounds) by both accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and conventional methods. The obtained 14C dates confirmed the traditional archaeological chronology, which was based on the analysis of written data and typological comparisons of Scythian artifacts with similar objects found in the Ancient East and Greece. The 14C dates for the European Scythian monuments are compared with the Asian ones. The 14C chronology of the European Scythian monuments shows chronological synchronisms between the Asiatic and European monuments. The calibrated ages for the investigated barrows generally agree with the archaeological data.

Теоретически осмысливаются признаки, приведенные в качестве оснований применения режима особых условий. Проблемы, выявленные в ходе исследования, указывают на диспозитивность статьи УИК РФ, предусматривающей введение специального правового режима. Применение рассматриваемого института позволяет сделать вывод о его декларативности, несмотря на наличие прямых оснований, изложенных в ст. 85 УИК РФ. Выявленные в исследовании проблемы побуждают к разработке новой редакции статьи, регулирующей применение режима особых условий, в уголовно-исполнительном законодательстве.

The note suggests the interpretation of a group of bronze pole-tops with a depiction of a griffin originated from Krasnokut Grave and some other burial mounds as representing the gnawing of a snake. The subject is extremely rare in the Hellenistic-Scythian art, close to him is known only one item — a gold plate of the sheath from the Elizavetovsky burial ground on the Lower Don-river. The reasons for the appearance and the essence of this composition remain unclear, except the most general assumption about the existence of ideas about the opposition of fantastic creatures — some kind of mediators associated with several zones of the Scythian Cosmos (mainly the upper ones), from the one side, to the animals (snakes) of the lower, chthonic and hostile to man zones, from the other.