In the study, we investigated the association of polymorphic locus CMA 1/B (G1903A) with indicators of oxygen transport system of the body. To determine the nucleotide substitutions in the gene CMA1/B, we used RFLP- analysis, PCR products were digested with the restriction enzyme BstXI. Analysis of the distribution of frequencies of alleles and genotypes CMA1/B showed statistically significant differences in the frequency of polymorphic variants of genotypes between athletes and controls. Athletes have predominant genotype A/A (0,52), and G/G (0,4), whereas in the control group, the most common genotype A/G (0,58). Using factor analysis, we revealed differences in the structure of the association between indicators of oxygen transport system depending on the genotype of the gene CMA. It was revealed the association of polymorphic gene variants with red blood parameters, hemodynamic and respiratory systems, as well as with physical endurance and tolerance to the muscular load. The closest connection between the studied traits detected at polymorphic variants CMA A/A. At this genotype physical endurance largely depends on the state of the circulatory system and the respiratory system functional reserves. It was also shown the correlation between adaptive capabilities of cardiovascular system and efficiency of the heart functioning with the level of motor activity. The interaction complex of the features that characterize the activities of the cardiorespiratory system, system, causes the formation of the final phenotype, which obviously explains the detected frequency distribution of different genotypes in athletes.

Aim. The paper deals with the adrenergic reactivity of erythrocytes and its connection with quantitative and qualitative characteristics of cells in young women with different levels of motor activity depending on the rs4646994(I/D) polymorphic variant of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene. Materials and methods. Young female students took part in the study: the 1st group (n = 33) included young women with a relatively inactive lifestyle, the 2nd group (n = 18) included those regularly involved in sports activity (volleyball and lapta). Red blood cells were counted with the ADVIA 60 hematology analyzer (BAYER, Germany). The adrenergic reactivity of erythrocytes (ARE) was assessed by changes in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) under the effect of adrenaline in vitro in final concentrations of 10–5; 10–6; 10–7; 10–8 (stress concentration – SCA) and 10–9; 10–11; 10–13 (physiological concentration – PCA) g/ml. The type of the adrenergic reactivity of erythrocytes was established depending on the direction of ESR changes in the presence of adrenaline – aggregative (Ag) with an ESR increase, anti-aggregative (AnAg) with a ESR decrease, and affectless (Af). The average and maximum values of changes were also taken into account. PCR analysis was performed on the rs4646994 polymorphic variant of the ACE gene. Results. A direct correlation was found between the I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene with average values of ARE when exposed to PCA (R = 0.52, P = 0.04), with the maximum ESR change under the effect of SCA (R = 0.52, P = 0.04), as well as with the direction of ESR changes induced by adrenaline (R = 0.55, P = 0.03). Thus, among individuals with the I/D genotype erythrocyte aggregation prevails, while female athletes with the D/D genotype are not characterized by the same type of ARE. Conclusion. Young female athletes, carriers of the D/D genotype of the АСЕ gene, are the most resistant to the effect of both PCA and SCA.

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Введение. Современные гематологические анализаторы позволяют получить достаточный статистический материал для оценки количественных, корпускулярных и качественных характеристик клеток крови. Эти параметры эритроцитов, лейкоцитов и тромбоцитов крови человека при различных заболеваниях варьируют не в случайном порядке, а согласованно, при этом характер и выраженность взаимовлияний отличаются от имеющихся в здоровом организме связей. Цель исследования: изучить с помощью факторного анализа модификации корреляционных связей, возникающих при ишемической болезни сердца (ИБС), между количественными и корпускулярными характеристиками клеток крови. Материалы и методы. Основную группу составили 24 женщины в возрасте 60,0 ± 3,2 лет с острым коронарным синдромом; практически здоровые по результатам диспансеризации 27 женщин в возрасте 60,0 ± 2,5 лет вошли в контрольную группу. Изучены следующие показатели крови: количество эритроцитов, содержание гемоглобина, значение гематокрита, средний объем эритроцита, среднее содержание и концентрация гемоглобина в эритроците, ширина распределения эритроцитов по объему, количество лейкоцитов, нейтрофилов, незрелых гранулоцитов, лимфоцитов, моноцитов, эозинофилов, базофилов, тромбоцитов, ширина распределения тромбоцитов по объему, средний объем тромбоцитов, отношение объема крупных тромбоцитов (более 12 фл) к общему объему тромбоцитов, тромбокрит. Для выявления взаимоотношений клеток крови при ИБС был проведен факторный анализ. Результаты. Установлено, что факторные структуры, описывающие функциональный статус крови в контроле и при патологии, существенно различаются. У здоровых людей доминирующий фактор характеризует отрицательные реципрокные отношения количественных и корпускулярных параметров эритроцитов и тромбоцитов, способствующие оптимизации реологического состояния крови. При инфаркте миокарда (ИМ) корреляционными связями объединены уже все форменные элементы крови, и они имеют положительные знаки. Заключение. Однонаправленные изменения числа и объемов клеток разных пулов можно рассматривать отягощающей причиной ИМ, усиливающей нарушение проходимости крови в микроциркуляторном русле миокарда. Background. Modern hematological analyzers make it possible to obtain sufficient statistical material for assessing the quantitative, corpuscular and qualitative characteristics of blood cells. These parameters in erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets in human blood in various diseases do not vary randomly, but in concert, while the nature and severity of interactions differ from those in a healthy body. Objectives: to study, using factor analysis, the modification of correlations between the quantitative and corpuscular characteristics of blood cells arising in ischemic heart disease (IHD). Patients/Methods. The main group included 24 women aged 60.0 ± 3.2 years with acute coronary syndrome. Practically healthy 27 women aged 60.0 ± 2.5 years according to the results of clinical examination were included in the control group. The following blood parameters were studied: the number of erythrocytes, the hemoglobin content, the hematocrit value, the average erythrocyte volume, the average content and concentration of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte, the width of the distribution of erythrocytes by volume, the number of leukocytes, neutrophils, immature granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, platelets, the width of platelet distribution by volume, the average platelet volume, the ratio of large platelet volume (more than 12 fl) to the total platelet volume, thrombocrit. To identify the relationship of blood cells in IHD, the factor analysis was performed. Results. It was found that the factor structures describing the functional status of blood in control and in pathology are signifi cantly different. In healthy people, the dominant factor characterizes the negative reciprocal ratios of the quantitative and corpuscular parameters of erythrocytes and platelets, which contribute to the optimization of blood rheological state. In myocardial infarction (MI) correlations have already united all blood formed elements, and they have positive signs. Conclusions. Unidirectional changes in the number and volume of cells in different pools can be considered an aggravating cause of MI, which increases the impairment of blood permeability in the myocardium microvasculature.