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recorded, the case fatality rate was 6%. Seven (11%) of the 65 samples were positive for Congo Crimean haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) by both RT-PCR and IgG ELISA. Six of these were also ELISA IgM positive. An additional three of the PCR/IgM-negative samples were CCHF IgG positive. All CCHF-positive cases were men aged 21 to 30 years, except for one 5-year-old child. Four were farmers. All other samples tested negative on all assays.Conclusion: Comprehensive diagnostic evaluation demonstrated CCHF as one important cause, but not the sole major aetiology of UFI in the Darfur outbreak. We are presently undertaking unbiased sequencing of the legacy samples to explore other aetiologies, including novel pathogens. A UFI prospective study protocol and trained study team is now in place to investigate future outbreaks.