Objective: To evaluate and compare the remineralization potential of a dentifrice containing bioactive glass and a topical cream containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) in remineralizing artificial carious lesion on enamel. Material and Methods: Forty-five freshly extracted human permanent premolar teeth were selected. Samples were divided into three groups: GI-regular tooth paste without specific remineralizing agent; GII-tooth paste containing calcium sodium-phosphosilicate (novamin) and GIII-topical cream containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate. All the sound enamel samples were viewed under scanning electron microscope (SEM) to assess the topographical pictures of enamel surface and energy dispersing x-ray analysis (EDAX) was done to estimate quantitatively the amounts of mineral (calcium and phosphorous). The mineral content of calcium and phosphorus after demineralization in each group was noted. The samples were then subjected to SEM and EDAX. Results: GI does not show any increase in the calcium and phosphorus after applying toothpaste without any remineralizing agent but GII and GIII showed a net increase in calcium and phosphorous values after applying concern-remineralizing agents. Inter group comparison showed GIII yield higher net calcium and phosphorous values than GII. Conclusion: Two remineralizing agents showed remineralization potential on enamel surfaces. Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate showed better remineralizing potential than calcium sodium phosphosilicate. Hence CPP-ACP can be considered as the material of choice in remineralizing early enamel carious lesions.

Aim: To develop and evaluate the efficacy of synthesised strontium-doped nano hydroxyapatite dentifrice and compare its remineralizing potential with a topical cream containing Casein Phospho Peptide – Amorphous Calcium Phosphate, in remineralizing artificial carious lesion on enamel. Materials and Methods: Enamel specimens of 4 × 4 × 1 mm were prepared from 90 freshly extracted teeth. Specimens were divided into 3 groups of 30 samples each, based on the type of dentifrice applied that is a control group (Group I) and two experimental groups (Groups II, III). Surface topography and the calcium/phosphorous ratio of all sound specimen were evaluated using Scanning electron microscope and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (SEM-EDAX). The samples in group I and each of the experimental groups were subjected to demineralisation and the calcium/phosphorous ratio of the demineralized specimen were analysed. The samples were then subjected to remineralisation using different agents in each group. Samples in the control group (Group I) were brushed with a conventional dentifrice. In the experimental groups, Group II topical cream with Casein Phosphopeptide and Amorphous Calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) was used and in Group III laboratory synthesized Strontium-doped nanohydroxyapatite paste (Sr-nHAP), respectively for 28 consecutive days. The samples in the both the control and the two experimental groups were again subjected to SEM-EDAX analysis to analyse the calcium phosphorus ratio following remineralisation cycle. Groupwise comparison of the data was done with one way ANOVA followed by Tukeys Post hoc Test. Results: Both experimental groups (II, III) showed statistically significant remineralisation potential after demineralisation, compared to the control group I. Intergroup comparison showed that the samples in Group III showed the higher remineralisation potential than Group II and was statistically significant. Conclusion: Both CPP- ACP containing tooth cream as well as Sr doped nHAp showed remineralisation potential. Sr doped nanohydroxyapatite showed better remineralisation than CPP ACP and can be considered for enamel repair in incipient carious lesions.

Coronal fractures of the anterior teeth are a common form of dental trauma affecting mainly children and adolescents. Trauma with accompanying fracture of anterior teeth is an agonizing experience for a young individual, which requires immediate attention, not only because of the physical disfigurement but also because of the psychological impact on the patient. Coronal fractures may be vertical or horizontal. Vertical crown fracture with pulpal involvement usually presents mild symptoms and pain. Pain is mainly due to the mobility of the fractured segment during function. This study describes the single-visit management of a complicated vertical coronal fracture in a maxillary central incisor. Esthetic management of the fracture line was done by resin composite by preparing grooves and followed by joining the fragments together. After esthetic management, endodontic treatment was done for the tooth. Crown was given at a later stage to prevent the extension of fracture line and for the longevity of tooth.

Tooth discoloration commonly occurs after trauma to tooth, which leads to pulpal injury. Trauma to the pulpal blood vessel leads to hemorrhage and releases iron from hemoglobin. The iron which is released from hemoglobin combines with hydrogen sulfide to form iron sulfide, which gives the tooth its characteristic dark appearance. Tooth discoloration can be treated by nonvital tooth bleaching, if the tooth structure is intact. A combination of hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate reduces the discoloration of the tooth by a process of oxidation. During root canal preparation procedures, the common mishap that occurs is instrument separation inside the root canal. The fractured fragment in the root canal can hinder proper preparation of root canal space. Continuous pain or discomfort may result if it is not removed or bypassed. It is more conservative to bypass the fractured instrument, particularly in cases where access to the fragment is restricted (apical one-third of canal or beyond the canal curvature) and its removal may lead to excessive removal of dentin with associated sequelae.

Tooth resorption is a condition associated with either a physiologic or a pathologic process resulting in a loss of dentin, cementum, and/or bone. Inflammatory process is initiated when the predentin or precemental layer of the tooth is damaged. Resorption can either be external or internal in form. In order to control the tooth resorption, it is necessary to treat the root canal by removing all the pulp tissue. Due to varied root canal morphology, root canal treatment poses a challenge for the clinician. In such cases a combination of conventional lateral compaction and thermoplasticized gutta percha can enable the three-dimensional obturation of the canal space. This case report describes a nonsurgical mode of management of a tooth having internal and external (surface) resorption.