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We shall, in the present article, con6ne our attention mainly to electric and magnetic excitations produced by bombardment with nuclear particles. A brief review of the theory of inelastic electron scattering is given in Sec. IIE.3. ). "T.Huus and J. H. Bjerregaard, Phys. Rev. ' 92, 15'79 (1953).r4B. Elbek and C. K. Bockelman (submitted for publication). 5 Recently, Coulomb excitation studies have been made employing cyclotron accelerated nitrogen ions LAlkhazov, Andreyev, Greenberg, and Lemberg, Nuclear Phys. 2, 65 (1956)j.K. Alder and A. Winther, Phys. Rev. 96, 237 (1954). McHale, and Thaler, Phys. Rev. 101, 662 {1956),and 102, 1567. A WKB approximation which yields results in essential agreement with the detailed quantal treatment has beep given