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Objective: To study a rare case of Rhabdomyosarcoma. Methods: Observational descriptive study of a case, a 3-year-old female child, presenting to our OPD. She was thoroughly examined and radiological investigations (HRCT Temporal bone and MRI Brain) were done. The Neurosurgery department proceeded with a biopsy of the lesion by left temporal bone craniotomy through subtemporal approach. Results: Histopathology suggested a Rhabdomyosarcoma of anaplastic type. The patient then underwent 6 cycles of Chemoradiation. Conclusion: The awareness that Rhabdomyosarcoma of petrous apex can present as Gradenigo syndrome along with 7th nerve palsy is important for the early diagnosis and its treatment.

Objective: The effect on patient anxiety of lidocaine infiltration into nasal packing following septoplasty was investigated by this prospective, case- control study. Methods: 60 patients, who underwent septoplasty operation with bilateral merocele nasal packing were included in this study. Nasal packs were infiltrated with 0.9% saline (5 mL in each nostril) for 30 patients and remaining 30 were infiltrated with 2% xylocaine (5 mL in each nostril), 15 minutes before nasal pack removal. Patient anxiety levels were measured at various time points i.e. 24 hours pre-operatively, 48 hours post operatively, 30 minutes after pack removal. Patients marked their level of pain on a visual analogue scale during pack removal. Results: Hamilton Anxiety Scale scores for saline infiltration patients were found to be (Mean ± SD) 12.3 ± 5.35, 16.23 ± 5.12 and 14.23 ± 4.55 for 24 hours pre-operatively, 48 hours post operatively, 30 minutes after pack removal respectively. The respective scores for lidocaine infiltration patients were: 13.83 ± 4.46, 17.07 ± 3.98 and 11.7 ± 3.52. at 24 hours before surgery, 48 hours after surgery and 30 minutes after pack removal. The visual analogue scale pain score was 5.6 ± 0.89 for Saline study group and 7.13 ± 0.73 in the lidocaine study group. Conclusion: Patient pain was significantly reduced following infiltration of lidocaine into nasal packing. Patients developed mild to moderate anxiety before nasal packing removal. Use of techniques without nasal packing like soluble packs or quilting methods after septoplasty for patient comfort can be recommended after septoplasty to ease patient post-operative discomfort.

Root canal infection in primary teeth is polymicrobial in nature. Most resistant micro-organisms, such as E.faecalis survive in chronic infection of the root canal at the periapical area and are difficult to remove by various root canal irrigants. C.albicans has been found in chronic infections of root canals of primary teeth due to its ability to invade dentinal tubules. The multiple bacteria strains which cause endodontic infections, make it difficult to clean root canals with a single effective antibiotic. Hence Triple Antibiotic Paste (TAP) has been previously introduced, consisting of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and minocycline. Although this mixture aids in pulp regeneration and has been used to disinfect root canal systems, it is linked to tooth discolouration. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of a newly formulated 3C antibiotic paste (consisting of Ciprofloxacin, Clindamycin, and Cefaclor) with conventional TAP against E. faecalis and C. albicans. In this in-vitro laboratory study, pure culture of C. albicans and E. faecalis will be grown on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SD) agar and Brain heart infusion agar (BHI) agar respectively and will be suspended for 24 hours at 37°C. For comparison of antimicrobial efficacy, the zone of inhibition will be for the 3C antibiotic paste against conventional TAP (control) for E. faecalis and C. albicans, and will be determined using digital calliper in millimetre after every 24 and 72 hours. We hypothesise that the newly formulated 3C paste will have better antimicrobial efficacy when compared with conventional TAP. It is expected that a newly formulated 3C paste will prove to be the successful as root canal filling material for primary teeth.