Insulin resistance and abnormal glucose tolerance are more prevalent in patients with IDCM and represent potentially reversible metabolic derangements in these individuals.

This study compared the outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) with drug-eluting stents (DES) with bare metal stents (BMS). PCI of degenerated SVG is associated with worse outcomes and high incidence of in-stent restenosis compared with PCI of native coronary arteries. There is a paucity of data on the outcomes of PCI of SVG with DES. Data from 223 consecutive patients who underwent PCI of SVG were imputed into a dedicated clinical database. We assessed the clinical outcomes at a mean follow-up of 9.1+/-2.1 months. A total of 139 patients underwent PCI of SVG with DES and 84 patients with BMS. The mean age of the SVG was 7.6+/-3.8 years in the DES group and 7.7+/-2.8 years in the BMS group (P=0.38). Procedural success was achieved in all patients except for one patient in the BMS group who underwent emergent coronary artery bypass graft surgery for SVG dissection. There were no other in-hospital cardiac events in both groups. There was one cardiac death in the DES group and three deaths in the BMS group (P=0.03). When compared to the BMS, PCI of SVG with DES was associated with a lower incidence of myocardial infarction (4.3% vs. 20.2%; P=0.04) and target vessel revascularization (10.1% vs. 36.9%; P=0.035). When compared with BMS, PCI of SVG with DES was associated with a lower incidence of death, myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization.

Intravenous phentolamine and fluids, oral doxazosin and surgical removal of the tumor.