No abstract

We investigate the role of tilted and nontilted congruence in the dynamics of dissipative Lemaître–Tolman–Bondi spacetime in [Formula: see text] gravity. We consider imperfect fluid with its congruences observed by tilted observer and dust fluid filled with LTB geometry observed by the nontilted observer. In order to elaborate the dynamical features of two congruences, we consider well-known [Formula: see text] models and develop relationships between tilted and nontilted dynamical variables. We evaluate the nonzero divergence of energy–momentum tensor for tilted congruence and transport equation for the system in [Formula: see text] gravity. We have also checked the instability regimes for nontilted congruence.

The goal of this paper is to shed some light on the significance of congruence of observers which seems to affect the dynamics of the universe under Palatini f (R) formalism. Starting by setting up the formalism needed, we have explored the field equations using LemaitreTolman-Bondi geometry as an interior metric. We have formulated the relationship between the matter variables as seen by the observers in both comoving and non-comoving frames. The dynamical equations are evaluated to study the dynamics of inhomogeneous universe by exploring conservation equations along with the Ellis equations. We have also explored a collapsing factor describing the bouncing phenomena via transport equation and conclude the stability region.