Introduction: Renal vasculature is known for presenting a wide range of variations. Knowledge of different anatomical variations helps the surgeon prevent possible intraoperative complications. Computed Tomography (CT) is an excellent imaging modality providing detailed anatomy of the renal artery. This study aimed to evaluate renal arterial variations in individuals undergoing abdominal CT examination. Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study on 400 consecutive patients who underwent abdominal CT examination in a medical college in Nepal. The number of patients with normal and any arterial variations was noted. Accessory renal artery (hilar and polar artery) and any pre-hilar branching were evaluated. Results: Among 400 patients, 271 (67.75%) individuals had normal renal artery supply and 129 (32.25%) had variations. Among 129 individuals (79 males and 50 females) with artery variations, 93 (72.09%) had unilateral and 36 (27.91%) had bilateral variations. The most common unilateral variation was a single polar artery in 66 (70.97%) cases, pre-hilar branching in 18 (19.35%), accessory hilar artery in 7 (7.53%) and dual polar arteries in 2 (2.15%). In those with bilateral arterial variations, the right and left kidneys showed polar artery in 25 (69%) and 30 (83%), pre-hilar branching in 6 (17%) and 2 (6%), and accessory hilar in 5 (14%) and 4 (11%) cases respectively. Conclusion: Renal artery variation was observed in approximately one-third of individuals. Unilateral variation was more common than bilateral and polar artery was the most common arterial variant.

Introduction: The cervical ribs are the supernumerary ribs that are often associated with neuro-vascular symptoms in thoracic outlet syndromes. The objective of the study is to find the prevalence of cervical ribs among the patients visiting the Radiodiagnosis department of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study comprising 1533 chest and cervical spine radiographs of patients visiting the Radiodiagnosis department of a tertiary care hospital from March to June 2021. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee at the College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital (Reference Number: COMSTH-IRC/2021-63). The presence or absence of a cervical rib was noted in the digital x-rays. The collected data were statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 20. Results: The prevalence of cervical ribs was 1.5%, with males and females accounting for 0.85% and 0.65% respectively. Amongst the cases with cervical ribs, the unilateral (73.91%) cervical rib was significantly more than bilateral (26.01%) occurring more frequently on the left side. The cervical rib was found to be more predominant in males than in females without significant difference. Sexual dimorphism was not found to be significantly associated with laterality and sidedness of cervical ribs. Conclusions: The cervical ribs were commonly encountered in our study. As the presence of the cervical rib is one of the leading causes of thoracic outlet syndromes, clinicians should not overlook the existence of cervical ribs while ruling out the etiology of thoracic outlet syndromes.

Introduction: The subpubic angle in the pelvis is most often used to estimate the sex with a higher degree of accuracy. Despite the anthropological and obstetric importance of the subpubic angle, only a few studies exist in the Nepalese population. The objective of this study was to determine the mean subpubic angle of the patient visiting the department of radiodiagnosis of tertiary care hospital. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study comprising 332 pelvic digital radiographs of the patients visiting the department of radiodiagnosis of a tertiary care center from March to August, 2021. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee at College of Medical Sciences (Reference number: COMSTH-IRC/2021-62). Convenience sampling method was done. Demographic data like age and sex were noted. In the radiograph, the subpubic angle was measured using the program Digimizer Image Analysis Software. The collected data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with mean and standard deviation for continuous data. Results: Among 332 pelvic radiographs studied, the mean subpubic angle was found to be 120.42±22.27° (118.02-122.81 at 95% Confidence Interval). The subpubic angle in females was 137.96±12.47° and that in males was 101.10±12.56°. Conclusions: Our findings are similar to those of other studies, with a minor variation. The subpubic angle was comparatively higher in females than males in the present study. The findings of this study may be of interest to forensic scientists and obstetricians.