In this review we present how significant and important is the symbiosis between the plant and the organisms and soil microbiota, as well as the benefits it generates to achieve an ecological balance and safe food production. The interrelationships between soil microorganisms and plants have a positive impact on the soil ecosystem, an example are mycorrhizal fungi, which benefit by absorbing nutrients from the plant and help it to absorb minerals from the soil, to overcome water stress and provide root protection against phytopathogens. Another example is the diversity of fungi, bacteria and earthwormswhich have several muchanisms to keep plant pathogens in low populations. In this review we describe the way in which earthworms reduce phytopathogenic fungi. Finally, integrated crop management promotes competition and balance essential to maintain soil health and ensure food production.