Background: Observational studies have suggested that accelerated surgery is associated with improved outcomes in patients with a hip fracture. The HIP ATTACK trial assessed whether accelerated surgery could reduce mortality and major complications. Methods:We randomised 2970 patients from 69 hospitals in 17 countries. Patients with a hip fracture that required surgery and were ≥45 years of age were eligible. Patients were randomly assigned to accelerated surgery (goal of surgery within 6 hours of diagnosis; 1487 patients) or standard care (1483 patients). The co-primary outcomes were 1.) mortality, and 2.) a composite of major complications (i.e., mortality and non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, venous thromboembolism, sepsis, pneumonia, life-threatening bleeding, and major bleeding) at 90 days after randomisation. Outcome adjudicators were masked to treatment allocation, and patients were analysed according to the intention-to-treat principle; ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02027896. Findings:The median time from hip fracture diagnosis to surgery was 6 hours (interquartile range [IQR] 4-9) in the accelerated-surgery group and 24 hours (IQR 10-42) in the standard-care group, p<0.0001. Death occurred in 140 patients (9%) assigned to accelerated surgery and 154 patients (10%) assigned to standard care; hazard ratio (HR) 0.91, 95% CI 0.72-1.14; absolute risk reduction (ARR) 1%, 95% CI -1-3%; p=0.40. The primary composite outcome occurred in 321 patients (22%) randomised to accelerated surgery and 331 patients (22%) randomised to standard care; HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.83-1.13; ARR 1%, 95% CI -2-3%; p=0.71.Interpretation: Among patients with a hip fracture, accelerated surgery did not significantly lower the risk of mortality or a composite of major complications compared to standard care.

Children experiencing difficulties in reading and math represents an important public health issue, as struggles with reading and math are associated with consequences regarding academic and life success, including but not limited to academic failure and lower socioeconomic status as an adult (Geary, Hoard, Nugent, & Bailey, 2012; Ritchie & Bates, 2013). Highlighting the scope of this problem, a large proportion of U.S. students struggle in reading and math. Startling enough, 20%-25% of fourth-graders fail to reach even partial mastery of grade-level knowledge in reading and math (National Assessment of Educational Progress, 2019). Given the reciprocal influences between reading and math (e.g., Cameron, Kim, Duncan, Becker, & McClelland, 2019) alongside the shared co-occurrence of reading and math difficulties (Landerl & Moll, 2010), it is noteworthy that their development has been mostly studied in isolation of each other (Vanbinst, van Bergen, Ghesquière, & De Smedt, 2020). This is surprising as knowledge on their potential mutual unfolding over time may help inform instruction and types of interventions in both academic outcomes. The aforementioned observation set the foundation for the present study to address the nature of the developmental dynamics between reading and math. The goal of the study was to examine the extent to which reading and math co-develop across elementary grades in academically at-risk children, precisely the key time period for the most rapid reading and math development. We utilized a state-of-the-art approach called latent change

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) defines a potentially life-threatening neurological malady that accounts for 10-15% of all strokerelated hospitalizations and for which no effective treatments are available to date 1,2 . Because of the heterogeneity of ICH in humans, various preclinical models are needed to thoroughly explore prospective therapeutic strategies Resultant perihematomal edema and neurofunctional deficits can be quantified from both models. In this study, we described and evaluated a modified double injection model of autologous whole blood 6 as well as an ICH injection model of bacterial collagenase 7 , both of which target the basal ganglia (corpus striatum) of male CD-1 mice. We assessed neurofunctional deficits and brain edema at 24 and 72 hr after ICH induction. Intrastriatal injection of autologous blood (30 μl) or bacterial collagenase (0.075U) caused reproducible neurofunctional deficits in mice and significantly increased brain edema at 24 and 72 hr after surgery (p<0.05). In conclusion, both models yield consistent hemorrhagic infarcts and represent basic methods for preclinical ICH research. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

No abstract

No abstract