Ligand-dependent corepressor LCoR interacts with the progesterone receptor (PR) and estrogen receptor ER␣ in the presence of hormone. LCoR contains tandem N-terminal PXDLS motifs that recruit C-terminal-binding protein (CtBP) corepressors as well as a C-terminal helix-turn-helix (HTH) domain. Here, we analyzed the function of these domains in coregulation of PR-and ER␣-regulated gene expression. LCoR and CtBP1 colocalize in nuclear bodies that also contain CtBP-interacting protein CtIP and polycomb group repressor complex marker BMI1. Coexpression of CtBP1 in MCF7 or T47D breast cancer cells augmented corepression by LCoR, whereas coexpression of CtIP did not, consistent with direct interaction of LCoR with CtBP1, but not CtIP. The N-terminal region containing the PXDLS motifs is necessary and sufficient for CTBP1 recruitment and essential for full corepression. However, LCoR function was also strongly dependent on the helix-turn-helix domain, as its deletion completely abolished corepression. LCoR, CtBP, and CtIP were recruited to endogenous PR-and ER␣-stimulated genes in a hormone-dependent manner. Similarly, LCoR was recruited to estrogen-repressed genes, whereas hormone treatment reduced CtBP1 binding. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of LCoR or CtBP1 augmented expression of progesterone-and estrogen-stimulated reporter genes as well as endogenous progesterone-stimulated target genes. In contrast, their ablation had gene-specific effects on ER␣-regulated transcription that generally led to reduced gene expression. Taken together, these results show that multiple domains contribute to LCoR function. They also reveal a role for LCoR and CtBP1 as attenuators of progesterone-regulated transcription but suggest that LCoR and CtBP1 can act to enhance transcription of some genes.

Patient: Male, 50Final Diagnosis: Acute post-vaccination CNS demyelinating disorderSymptoms: Blurred vision • hemiparesis • hemiplegia • hypertonia • itching • paresthesiaMedication: —Clinical Procedure: MRISpecialty: NeurologyObjective:Rare diseaseBackground:There are several categories of primary inflammatory demyelinating disorders, which comprise clinically similar neurologic sequelae. Of interest, clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) are 2 demyelinating conditions of the central nervous system (CNS), whose clinical similarity pose a significant challenge to definitive diagnosis. Yet, both remain important clinical considerations in patients with neurologic signs and symptoms in the context of recent vaccination.Case Report:We report a case of a 50-year-old Caucasian male with a course of progressive, focal, neurologic deficits within 24 h after receiving the influenza vaccine. Subsequent work-up revealed the possibility of an acute central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating episode secondary to the influenza vaccine, best described as either CIS or ADEM.Conclusions:Case reports of CNS demyelination following vaccinations have been previously noted, most often occurring in the context of recent influenza vaccination. This report serves to document a case of CNS demyelination occurring 24 h after influenza vaccination in a middle-aged patient, and will describe some salient features regarding the differential diagnosis of CIS and ADEM, as well as their potential management.

We discuss a case of a 79-year-old Caucasian male with a multifactoral etiology of failure to thrive. Without having any significant past medical problems, the patient's failure to thrive condition initiated following an acute stroke. Over the course of this and future hospitalizations, as well as inpatient care, numerous factors contributing to his failure to thrive were identified. These included: malnutrition, post stroke debility, dysphagia, anemia, depression and malignancy. This report serves to document a complicated case of failure to thrive in a geriatric patient with focused discussion of some etiological contributions to a failure to thrive condition. Additionally, we will describe some salient features pertaining to the clinical management of such cases.