Abstract. Social engineering is a method of attack involving the exploitation of human weakness, gullibility and ignorance. Although related techniques have existed for some time, current awareness of social engineering and its many guises is relatively low and efforts are therefore required to improve the protection of the user community. This paper begins by examining the problems posed by social engineering, and outlining some of the previous efforts that have been made to address the threat. This leads toward the discussion of a new awareness-raising website that has been specifically designed to aid users in understanding and avoiding the risks. Findings from an experimental trial involving 46 participants are used to illustrate that the system served to increase users' understanding of threat concepts, as well as providing an engaging environment in which they would be likely to persevere with their learning.Keywords: Social Engineering, Awareness Raising, Learning Sciences. IntroductionSocial engineering relies on techniques such as influence and persuasion to deceive victims into breaching security and divulging their most sensitive information [1]. A successful social engineer is extremely adept at convincing people that he/she is someone he/she is not. Through this method of manipulation, unauthorised entities can gain access to personal information or secured systems that, by rights, they should never have access to. This makes the social engineer an extremely dangerous adversary, who is often able to take advantage of people to obtain information, without the use of technology [2]. The SANS institute, over the last several years has publicised a worrying statistic within the trends of social engineering, the results from several surveys reveal that these techniques at bypassing security measures are on the increase. In most high profile organisations around the world, more and more elaborate security systems are being implemented to protect the perimeter of their networks, making it increasingly more difficult for hackers to gain entry with the traditional technological attacks. These systems, although proving very successful at halting the success rate of traditional attacks, are forcing the hacking community to develop new ways to gain access, thus Paller [3] stated on behalf of the SANS institute, that social engineering seems to be a growing technique of choice for the modern hacker.

This study involves the rehabilitation and load testing of 50 + year old open deck timber railroad bridges on the South Branch Valley Railroad (SBVR) in Moorefield, WV. The rehabilitation involved repairing substructure elements including a "Pile cap/pile" joint and an above ground pile with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composite wraps, in combination with phenolic formaldehyde adhesives. Static and dynamic testing was performed to determine the dynamic behavior and the live load distribution of the superstructure. This research study is the second phase of a two-phase study with an ultimate objective to investigate the rehabilitation of timber railroad bridges using GFRP composite materials. The rehabilitation associated with Phase I of this research program involved the superstructure and substructure elements also, and had a beneficial affect on the overall performance of the bridge as noted by a 40% reduction in deflection. Static and dynamic load test data were acquired using an 80-ton locomotive supplied by SBVR. The test results show an improvement in load distribution in the rehabilitated pile bent. Dynamic load allowance (DLA) factors were also obtained and in several cases were found to increase in value with increasing locomotive speed. To verify bonding capabilities of creosote treated 50 + year old timber with GFRP composite wraps and evaluate the recovery of strength of repaired timber beams, four full scale (8"x16"x12') timber stringers were tested in a controlled laboratory setting in four point bending configuration. Two control specimens were tested to failure in bending. The specimens were then repaired using GFRP composite wraps applied in the area of maximum moment. A second pair of control specimens was also tested to failure in shear, and also repaired using GFRP composite wraps applied in the maximum shear zones. All of the repaired beams were then retested in four point bending. All repaired test specimens showed significant signs of strength regain. The results from testing the creosote treated southern pine beams before and after repair with GFRP are presented.

Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) is frequently perceived as overly wordy and bureaucratic while Agile and Lean methodologies are often positioned as a rejection of heavy handed process and governance. But IT Service Management, Agile, and Lean are all focused on the same thing: How to get valuable work done quickly and efficiently in the complex world of IT in order to enable a business's competitive edge. Delivering IT solutions at the speed-of-business while maintaining quality, performance and availability of the Live Environment is a constant balancing act among simultaneous constraints. ITIL, Agile and Lean all contain best-practices to define and manage these constraints and the contexts in which they exist. The authors will compare and contrast the core of these methodologies to show how they align with the goal of providing a roadmap for successful implementation and coexistence.

A plethora of research and management theory exists on how a business should create and maintain an internal engine of innovation with emphasis on top-down programs with direct management support being the most important factor to encourage employee innovation and drive intrapreneurship behavior to tackle some of the issues for dealing with current challenges and uncertain future. In this article, the authors propose counter points to three beliefs which have become accepted as common-place assumptions. First, that intrapreneurship must have management directed programs to succeed. Second, that given management support of innovation programs all (or a majority of) employees will act as intrapreneurs. Finally, that an intrapreneurial program should receive the focus of management to ensure the continued success of the enterprise; the assumption being day-to-day business operations will function successfully without focused management attention.

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