Objective:This study aimed to study the mobile phone addiction behavior and awareness on electromagnetic radiation (EMR) among a sample of Malaysian population.Methods:This online study was conducted between December 2015 and 2016. The study instrument comprised eight segments, namely, informed consent form, demographic details, habituation, mobile phone fact and EMR details, mobile phone awareness education, psychomotor (anxious behavior) analysis, and health issues. Frequency of the data was calculated and summarized in the results.Results:Totally, 409 respondents participated in the study. The mean age of the study participants was 22.88 (standard error = 0.24) years. Most of the study participants developed dependency with smartphone usage and had awareness (level 6) on EMR. No significant changes were found on mobile phone addiction behavior between the participants having accommodation on home and hostel.Conclusion:The study participants were aware about mobile phone/radiation hazards and many of them were extremely dependent on smartphones. One-fourth of the study population were found having feeling of wrist and hand pain because of smartphone use which may lead to further physiological and physiological complication.

Objectives:To retrospectively determine the extent and types of adverse drug events (ADEs) from the patient cases sheets and identify the contributing factors of medication errors. To assess causality and severity using the World Health Organization (WHO) probability scale and Hartwig's scale, respectively.Methods:Hundred patient case sheets were randomly selected, modified version of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) Global Trigger Tool was utilized to identify the ADEs; causality and severity were calculated utilizing the WHO probability scale and Hartwig's severity assessment scale, respectively.Results:In total, 153 adverse events (AEs) were identified using the IHI Global Trigger Tool. Majority of the AEs are due to medication errors (46.41%) followed by 60 adverse drug reactions (ADRs), 15 therapeutic failure incidents, and 7 over-dose cases. Out of the 153 AEs, 60 are due to ADRs such as rashes, nausea, and vomiting. Therapeutic failure contributes 9.80% of the AEs, while overdose contributes to 4.58% of the total 153 AEs. Using the trigger tools, we were able to detect 45 positive triggers in 36 patient records. Among it, 19 AEs were identified in 15 patient records. The percentage of AE/100 patients is 17%. The average ADEs/1000 doses is 2.03% (calculated).Conclusion:The IHI Global Trigger Tool is an effective method to aid provisionally-registered pharmacists to identify ADEs quicker.

No abstract

Objective: To study the relationship between perceived stress, health outcomes of different batches of pharmacy students. Methodology: A total of 320 undergraduate pharmacy students in AIMST University were included in the study. Voluntary participation was mandatory and Informed Consent Forms were provided to each participant, prior to answering selfadministered questionnaires, which were distributed in two phases. A prospective cross-sectional correlation design used o examines correlations between perceived stress, physical activity, and other health behaviors in pharmacy students. Results: Frequencies and descriptive data analysis was done and statistical difference between the phases were calculated using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. A few stressors [mid-semester and final examinations; study break periods; grades acquired (GPA and CGPA); financial issues] showed significant variations. The two-tailed unpaired t-test revealed significant changes in stress levels and responses between both phases, possibly due to the timing of each phase (before mid-sem exams and after mid-sem exams). A worrying aspect was the increase in negative coping strategies in many categories. Conclusion: Stressors and stressful events do have a major impact on a student's academic and extra-curricular life. Managing stress in a positive manner helps to cope appropriately with stress and enable each student to face life's future stressful situations in a prepared manner. The modified study instrument used in this study explored various dimensions of stress (general stressors, test anxiety stressors, stressful events checklist and stress coping strategies). It is a beneficial tool for evaluating students' stress levels and to take appropriate remedial measures.

No abstract