Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) has remained a cornerstone for management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) over the years. Clopidogrel has been the quintessential P2Y12 receptor (platelet receptor for Adenosine 5′ diphosphate) inhibitor for the past two decades. With the demonstration of unequivocal superior efficacy of prasugrel/ticagrelor over clopidogrel, guidelines now recommend these agents in priority over clopidogrel in current management of ACS. Cangrelor has revived the interest in injectable antiplatelet therapy too. Albeit the increased efficacy of these newer agents comes at the cost of increased bleeding and this becomes more of a concern when combined with aspirin. Which P2Y12i is superior over another has been intensely debated over last few years after the ISAR-REACT 5 study with inconclusive data. Three novel antiplatelet agents are already in the pipeline of ACS with all of them succeeding in phase II studies. The search for an ideal antiplatelet remains a need of the hour for optimal reduction of ischemic events in ACS.

Xanthan-gum-facilitated aspirin-loaded ethyl cellulose microparticles were prepared by multiple-emulsion solvent evaporation technology and the impact on variation in process parameters was investigated systematically. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to determine the surface morphology of the microparticles before and after dissolution study. X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis were performed, and yield value, swelling study, encapsulation efficiency, flow properties and dissolution profiles of the prepared formulations were evaluated. The size of microparticles varied between 247 and 410 μ m, and 58.34 % drug entrapment efficiency was achieved depending on the variation in process parameters. The drug release in acid solutions was slower than in alkaline solution. The microparticles provided extended drug release in alkaline dissolution medium, and the drug release was found to be controlled by Fickian diffusion mechanism. XRD and DSC analyses revealed the amorphous nature of drug in the microparticles. FTIR data indicated the stable character of the encapsulated drug in the microparticles. Thus, variation in process parameters showed a slow and prolonged release of aspirin in simulated intestinal fluid.

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The present study focuses the incidence of Vibrio spp. in water bodies which are used by people in surroundings for their daily needs. Vibrio constitute of both pathogenic and non-pathogenic species, thus, for differentiating between them a rapid method named multiplex PCR assay has been for the study. The method used was to first determine the physical and chemical constituents of all the 15 water samples (pond water) collected from different regions of Uttar Pradesh. Isolation of bacteria was done on selective media (TCBS) which showed both green and yellow colonies. These colonies were cultured separately on non selective media. All the pure cultures obtained were thus, used to extract their DNA using Phenol chloroform method. DNA was then visualized on agarose gel and quantified using double beam spectrophotometer. Samples with higher yield of DNA were used for amplification using species specific primers by multiplex PCR. The results were documented and thus, study derived the information that most of the waterbodies showed presence of pathogenic Vibrio species while few of them showed presence of non-pathogenic Vibrio spp.