The microbiome innovation has resulted in an umbrella term, postbiotics, which refers to non-viable microbial cells, metabolic byproducts and their microbial components released after lysis. Postbiotics, modulate immune response, gene expression, inhibit pathogen binding, maintain intestinal barriers, help in controlling carcinogenesis and pathogen infections. Postbiotics have antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties with favorable physiological, immunological, neuro-hormonal, regulatory and metabolic reactions. Consumption of postbiotics relieves symptoms of various diseases and viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2. Postbiotics can act as alternatives for pre-probiotic specially in immunosuppressed patients, children and premature neonates. Postbiotics are used to preserve and enhance nutritional properties of food, elimination of biofilms and skin conditioning in cosmetics. Postbiotics have numerous advantages over live bacteria with no risk of bacterial translocation from the gut to blood, acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes. The process of extraction, standardization, transport, and storage of postbiotic is more natural. Bioengineering techniques such as fermentation technology, high pressure etc., may be used for the synthesis of different postbiotics. Safety assessment and quality assurance of postbiotic is important as they may induce stomach discomfort, sepsis and/or toxic shock. Postbiotics are still in their infancy compared to pre- and pro- biotics but future research in this field may contribute to improved physiological functions and host health. The current review comprehensively summarizes new frontiers of research in postbiotics.

Clock synchronization techniques are in highly demand for smart home applications with the approach of the Internet of Things (IoT). The developing innovation of smart home applications built on the Internet of Things is generally constrained and scattered. Synchronization is the basic characteristic of the emerging field of IoT in smart home applications which is recommended for improving the acceptance and its use. For the clock synchronization between systems, Network Time Protocol (NTP) is used. But due to inconsistent routing and limited computing resources there can be the dominant source of error that limits time transfer uncertainty. This paper proposes an Elastic Timer Protocol for home automation system networks that performs better in terms of consumption of energy and time of convergence than other clock synchronization protocols. The proposed protocol improves the elasticity and efficiency of the network, resulting in a faster network convergence time. Furthermore, simulation results revealed that the proposed work has improved performance metrics and proved superior performance characteristics when compared to standard synchronization protocols.

Internet of Things (IoT) is an innovation that reprimands the fate of correspondence and registering. In present times, IoT services are availed in multiple domains like smart homes, shrewd traffic control, urban planning, health infrastructure, and so forth. The utility domain of Internet of Things is quite vast and can be actualized in diverse fields. This paper work is about the execution of Internet of Things in agriculture. The latest advancements of farming with utilization of Internet of Things in agribusiness strategies can be cost effective for agriculturalists. It can help in decreasing the yield wastages and bumper crop yields and help in curbing the issues of hunger and malnutrition. Smart cultivating depending upon Internet of Things advances would help the cultivators and agriculturalists in diminishing the waste and in enhancing the profitability going from the amount of manure used within required technical quality norms. The point is to innovate with a device which creates messages on various stages to advice agriculturalists and help government in their ambitious target of doubling the agriculturalists income by 2022 of 2015 base levels. The item will help agriculturalists by getting live information from the farmland to find a way to empower them to do shrewd cultivating by likewise expanding their harvest yields and sustainable use of inputs. The proposal is a basic engineering of Internet of Things sensors that gather data and send it over the Wi-Fi system to the server. The server can take activities relying upon the data.

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Background: Since time immemorial, soft-tissue defects of face due to injuries have been documented in literature and even depicted in sculptures, reflecting the image of society. Facial injuries themselves are rarely life-threatening, but are indicators of the energy of injury. Soft-tissue defects of the face can arise out of various causes which may include simple or complex contused lacerations with loss of tissue, avulsions, bites and burns. Common etiologies are road traffic accidents, foreign bodies, defects secondary to tumor excision, homicidal trauma, thermal, chemical and electrical burn, suicidal injuries, human bites, animal bites, gunshot injuries and blast injuries. The management of acquired soft tissue defects of face requires precise planning and coverage by a modality which is functionally and aesthetically pleasant. Objectives: To study the epidemiology of acquired soft tissue defects of face. To restore the aesthetics of the face by resorting to appropriate modality of reconstruction. Materials & Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Surgery, Govt. Medical College Jammu, J&K, India and included 40 patients having been diagnosed with acquired soft-tissue defects of the face admitted in surgery ward from November 2018 to October 2019 (Prospective study). All the defects were evaluated for size, depth, and status of the base of the defect (presence of gross contamination or infection, integrity, and viability of the wound edges) along with evaluation and documentation of cranial nerve function, particularly the facial and trigeminal nerves. The management depended upon the defect site, size, status and type. 52.5 % patients underwent flap coverage whereas 22.5% underwent skin grafting for coverage of defects. 25% of the patients underwent primary closure of the facial defects. Results: Majority of the patients had restoration of anatomy and normal function after reconstructive procedures with colour and contour matching of that of the recipient site. No major complication was encountered in any of the patients. Conclusion: Acquired soft tissue defects of the face can be reconstructed by a variety of modalities which should not only be functionally adequate but also aesthetically appealing. Flaps are a versatile modality of reconstruction with the choice of flap being governed by the site and size of the defect.