Background: In the 21st century, the world has been facing several emerging viral epidemics. These viruses are divided into two categories, including emerging viruses and re-emerging viruses. Factors, such as climate change, global warming, and some eating habits will have irreversible effects on human, animal, and environmental ecosystems. These emerging or re-emerging infectious diseases have significant effects on the world economy and health. The peak of this type of infectious disease appeared in the 1980s with a viral epidemic called human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV). These emerging or recurring viruses have affected both livestock and humans. There is evidence that these emerging or re-emerging viruses, influenced by the environment and the human diet are also affected by climatic cultures. Therefore, it would be possible to identify the center areas for the emergence or re-emergence of these viral diseases. In this review article, it has been attempted to identify world resources and the way we should be prepared for a confrontation with these deadly viruses through the study of these epidemics, emerging, and re-emerging viruses, since the mutated viral infections may emerge and re-emerge in the near future. For this review study, the keywords, including COVID-19, Coronavirus, SARS-COV2, Influenza virus (H1N1), Zika virus, HIV1 virus, Hanta virus, Ebola, Influenza (H5N1), Nipah, Hendra, West Nile fever, SARS- COV1, MERS-CoV were collected in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and other reputable databases.

Background: Covid-19 is a novel disease with many unknown clinical and managemental dimensions. To effectively diagnose, control, and treat the disease, it is required to divulge its clinical symptoms and their qualities. On the other hand, no one can better interpret the clinical symptoms than the caregivers infected by the disease. So, the aim of this study was to exploring the experiences of infected health-care providers about clinical manifestations of Covid-19 disease.Methods: The present qualitative research was conducted using the conventional content analysis method in Iran from March to Jun 2020. Participants in this study included infected health care providers with Covid-19, who were selected based on purposeful sampling method. The data was collected by 18 phone call interviews and analyzed according Lundman and Graneheim approach.Results: Qualitative data analysis revealed 10 categories including respiratory disorders, fever and chills, body pain, fatigue, headache, skin disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, taste and olfactory disturbances, insomnia and also stress and anxiety.Conclusion: Patients with Covid-19 may experience specific or non-specific disorders. It is necessary to consider people with non-specific manifestations as suspicious cases and screen them with proper diagnostic tests. This can help to identify true positive patients and provide them with more effective health cares, and prevent further spread of the disease by isolating suspected individuals.Trial registration number: Not applicable

BackgroundCovid-19 is a novel disease with many unknown clinical and managemental dimensions. To effectively diagnose, control, and treat the disease, it is required to divulge its clinical symptoms and their qualities. On the other hand, no one can better interpret the clinical symptoms than the caregivers infected by the disease. So, the aim of this study was to exploring the experiences of infected health-care providers about clinical manifestations of Covid-19 disease.MethodsThe present qualitative research was conducted using the conventional content analysis method in Iran from March to Jun 2020. Participants in this study included infected health care providers with Covid-19, who were selected based on purposeful sampling method. The data was collected by 18 phone call interviews and analyzed according Lundman and Graneheim approach.ResultsQualitative data analysis revealed 10 categories including respiratory disorders, fever and chills, body pain, fatigue, headache, skin disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, taste and olfactory disturbances, insomnia and also stress and anxiety.ConclusionPatients with Covid-19 may experience specific or non-specific disorders. It is necessary to consider people with non-specific manifestations as suspicious cases and screen them with proper diagnostic tests. This can help to identify true positive patients and provide them with more effective health cares, and prevent further spread of the disease by isolating suspected individuals.Trial registration numberNot applicable