Brushless DC motors (BLDCM) are utilized in various applications, including electric cars, medical and industrial equipment, where highefficiency speed control is necessary to meet load and tracking reference fluctuations. In this study, the optimal parameters of proportional-integral (PI) and sliding mode controller (SMC) for BLDC motor speed control are determined using Lévy flight distribution (LFD) technique. The integral time absolute error (ITAE) is used as a fitness function with the LFD algorithm for tuning the PI and SMC parameters. The optimization algorithms' performance is presented statistically and graphically. The simulation results show the SMC based on the LFD technique has superiority over SMC without optimization and PI controller in fast-tracking to the desired value with zero overshoot with rising time (6 ms) and low-speed ripple up to (± 9 RPM) under non-uniform conditions.