Different fuels are being used daily in the city of Kirkuk, Iraq for operating vehicles with spark‐ignition internal combustion engines. Aiming to address the effects of these fuels on both engines and the environment, this work conducts an experimental study where a single‐cylinder, four‐stroke small spark ignition engine is employed. Three types of benzene with different octane ratings (low with an additive [85.8%], medium [89.2%], and high [95.6%]) are utilized in the study as they are the most consumed fuel in the area of the study. Moreover, the low‐octane fuel will be addressed with a commercial additive. In addition to engine performance, the exhaust gases and sound levels are analyzed as well. Through the outcomes, it is observed that the fuel with higher octane numbers relatively produces better engine performance and pollution. At normal engine speed, the fuel with a medium octane rating, however, has close engine performance results but with worse pollution effects. On the other hand, the engine fails to start with low‐octane fuel without the additive. The additive improves the engine performance with the low octane fuel and surprisingly produces fewer pollution gases than the fuel with medium octane number. However, the engine still behaves worse than with the other fuels at normal engine speed.

When crude oil is produced from an oil field well, it is generally accompanied with variable proportions of water, which makes the separation of water from crude oil commercially difficult. In this research it was found the best alternative demulsifier (belongs to the researchers) from the demulsifiers (unknown chemical formula) that is used in the wet oil treatment. Which is highly effective and less costly in economic terms of their counterparts. The crude oil that we made our research is taken from Jamboor field in Iraq. (Specific gravity = 0.6417) and the water quantity 0.18 ml, if we used organic component Benzene with demulsifier (special formula belongs to researchers), we will see that the quantity of water in crude 0il is (0.17 ml).

The present study is concerned with studying the effect of aquatic plant Hydrella vorticellata with the concentration of 10 and 20 gm/2 K gm soil on percentage and growth rate of germinating seeds of Hordeum vulgare and Vicia faba. More overs, the quantitative amount of NPK in both tested plants and Hydrella vorticellata, are estimated as an organic fertilizer. It has also been find the total number of root cells, the number of dividing cells, and stages of mitosis. The study reveales, that there are no significant differences between the concentration of hydrella used in germination percentage, growth rate, wet and dry weight. While there are differences in the plants containing NPK. The number of cells dividing stages and number of dividing cells are increased significantly.