Twenty (25%) isolates of Proteus Mirabilis were isolated from a total of 80 samples of patients suffering from otitis media and urinary tract infections. The samples were collected from various hospitals in Al-Diwaniyah city between December 2021 and March 2022. Proteus Mirabilis was isolated and identified using cultural and biochemical tests. The diagnosis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to investigate the 16s rRNA gene, and by DNA sequencing to register these sequences in Gene Bank-NCBI for obtaining accession numbers. Auxotroph’s methionine Proteus Mirabilis was revealed by culturing on glucose-minimal salt agar. The results showed that 3/20 (15%) of isolates were auxotroph’s methionine. The polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate the metF and metE genes in Proteus Mirabilis. The results reveal that 3/20 (15%) of isolates were auxotroph’s methionine (do not have metF and metE gene). DNA sequencing of metF and metE genes was performed in auxotroph’s Proteus Mirabilis, and the results of the forward and reverse primers revealed substitution mutations in the DNA of metF and metE genes. In conclusion, the prevalence of auxotroph’s methionine Proteus Mirabilis isolates in otitis media and urinary tract infection was demonstrated in this study.

The purpose of this study was to determine the possible mutagenicity of hair dye using the auxotroph’s methionine Proteus Mirabilis as a test. The Ames test was employed to identify reverse mutations in auxotroph’s P. Mirabilis treated with hair dyes. The results demonstrated a significant increase (P< 0.05) in reverse colonies of auxotroph’s P. mirabilis treated with 250 and 500 mg/mL of hair dyes in comparison to the negative control. Reverse mutations in the metE gene of the auxotroph’s P. Mirabilis were identified using DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction. The results confirmed the presence of the metE gene at a percentage of (100%) in all isolates treated with hair dyes at 250 and 500 mg/mL. Using BLAST software, the metE gene’s sequence was compared to the gene sequence of a standard isolate. Point mutations in the DNA of the metE gene altered protein translation, according to a genetic study of metE gene isolates treated with hair dyes. Finally, point mutations in the metE genes were identified using amino acid translation analysis of auxotroph’s P. mirabilis isolates treated with hair dyes. Point mutations in the metE gene cause many amino acids to be converted to methionine, which enables auxotroph’s P. mirabilis to grow without the need for methionine from an external source. The study found that the test for identifying mutagens in hair dyes was simple to use and cheap. It has also shown high efficacy in altering the amino acid and nitrogenous base sequences in the metE genes, thus their effect on methionine synthesis.

Food-borne illness are diseases happened because eating polluted water or nutriment containing microbes or their toxins. This paper reviews previous studies of foodborne illness, particularly foodborne illness happened because bacteria which represent 66% of problems. Vibrosis, Shigellosis, Bacillosis, Listerosis Salmonellosis, Botulism, and staphylococcal food poisoning are the main dietary disease happened because of bacteria. Bacteria in nutrition will increase beneath optimal cases and secrete poison in nutrition. After swallowing, poisons were absorbed by Intestinal epithelial lining that make natural harm to tissues. In certain cases, poisons are transmitted to tissues or devices like the central nervous system, kidney nor liver where they can cause damage. Foods carried diseases are divided into two collections which are food infection and poisoning. Food infection is happened because eating food, including fertile pathogens that secrete toxins in the intestine only, while poisoning is acquired by eating poison formed by pathogens (secrete toxins directly in the food). The most clinical sign of food poisoning are abdominal cramps, diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and headache. Diagnosis of foodborne illnesses carried by a patient’s record and the symptoms. Protection of foodborne diseases can be depended on food safety control during the production, processing, and distribution, secession of uncooked from cooked food, cooking carefully, and save food at a safe temperature.

15 isolates (39.4%) of Proteus mirabilis were obtained from a total of 38 patients with urinary tract infections in Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital. All isolates were diagnosed with phenotypic, microscopic and biochemical tests. PCR technique was also used as a confirmatory test to investigate the 16S rRNA gene (product size 239bp) in Proteus mirabilis , where the results showed the presence of the gene in all isolates .On the other hand ,the detection of biofilm formation in Proteus mirabilis isolated from patients urinary tract infection was done using the tubes method .The results showed that 10 (75%) isolates were capable of producing the biofilm, where the value of the optical density of the formed biofilm ranged from 0.064-0.411 nm.Then, the effect of diefferent temperatures (25,30 37,40) ℃ on the Biofilm Formation in Proteus mirabilis was studied, Where the most efficient bacteria were selected in the production of the biofilm and the test was carried out .The results showed that the bacteria were unable to form the biofilm at 25℃ either at 3040℃, the biofilm is very thin at 37℃ and 40℃, it becomes a thick biofilm.The results of the current study showed that the temperature has a significant effect on the production of the biofilm and that the thickness of the biofilm increases with increasing temperature.

The present study aimed to assess the antibacterial effects of Probiotic Lactobacilli against Streptococcus mutans isolates. A total of 13/52 (25%) S. mutans isolates were collected from patients suffering from gingivitis, which were identified using morphological characteristics, biochemical tests and PCR technique. Micro titer plate method was used to detect the biofilm formation in tested bacterial isolates by measuring optical density (OD) using ELISA reader at a wavelength 640 nm. The results revealed that only 10/13 (77%) isolates produced the biofilm. Based on the results obtained in this study, the isolates were classified according to their ability to the biofilm formation as follows: the isolates with thick biofilm (OD ≥ 0.300 nm), the isolates with moderate biofilm (OD 0.2-0.3 nm), the isolates with thin biofilm (OD 0.1-0.2 nm) and Non-productive isolates of biofilm (OD < 0.1 nm). On the other hand, the agar well diffusion method was used to evaluate the effectiveness of Probiotic Lactobacilli against the growth of bacterial isolates by measuring the inhibition zones around the wells containing of probiotics (50, 100 mg/ml and stock). The results indicate that inhibition zones of the tested isolates were weak at 50 mg/ml, moderate at 100 mg/ml and strong at stock solution. A modified crystal violet test in well micro-titer plates was used to detect the ability of isolates to the biofilm formation after treatment with various concentrations of Probiotic Lactobacilli by measuring optical density (OD). The results indicate a decrease in the ability of the tested isolates to the biofilm formation compared to control where the isolates treated with probiotics at 50 mg/ml formed a strong biofilm (OD 0.300 - 0.341 nm) and the isolates treated with probiotics at 100 mg/ml formed moderate biofilm (OD 0.209 - 0.263 nm), while the isolates treated with the stock solution of probiotics formed a thin biofilm (OD 0.144 - 0.198 nm). In conclusion, the results of the current study indicate that the Probiotic Lactobacilli have inhibitory effect on growth and biofilm formation in Streptococcus mutans isolates and the antibacterial activity of Probiotic Lactobacilli is increased with increasing concentration.