No abstract

This paper develops a new framework for modeling design earthquake loads for inelastic structures. Limited information on strong ground motions is assumed to be only available at the given site. The design earthquake acceleration is expressed as a Fourier series, with unknown amplitude and phase angle, modulated by an envelope function. The design earthquake is estimated by solving an inverse dynamic problem, using nonlinear programming techniques, such that the structure performance is minimized. At the same time, the design earthquake is constrained to the available information on past recorded ground motions. New measures of the structure performance that are based on energy concepts and damage indices are introduced in this paper. Specifically, the structural performance is quantified in terms of Park and Ang damage indices. Damage indices imply that the structure is damaged by a combination of repeated stress reversals and high stress excursions. Furthermore, the use of damage indices provides a measure on the structure damage level and thus a decision on necessary repair is possible. The material stress-strain relationship is modeled as either bilinear or elastic-plastic. The formulation is demonstrated by deriving the design earthquake loads for inelastic frame structures at a firm soil site. The damage spectra for the site are also established, which provide upper bounds of damage under possible future earthquakes.

Dasatinib is a kinase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of newly diagnosed adults with Philadelphia chromosome–positive (Ph+) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase and accelerated (myeloid or lymphoid blast) phase, and CML with resistance or intolerance to prior therapy including imatinib and in adults with Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia1 The most common adverse reactions (≥15%) in patients with newly diagnosed chronic-phase (CP) CML include myelosuppression, fluid retention, and diarrhea, whereas in patients with resistance or intolerance to prior imatinib therapy, side effects include myelosuppression, fluid retention, diarrhea, headache, dyspnea, skin rash, fatigue, nausea, and hemorrhage. We report a 39-year-old Ethiopian female patient who received dasatinib as upfront therapy for the treatment of CP-CML who experienced chronic diarrhea for two months, which progressed to hemorrhagic colitis due to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the colon. To our knowledge, this is the first case of CMV colitis in a patient receiving dasatinib as upfront therapy.

A gradient-based evolutionary optimization methodology is presented for finding the optimal design of both the added dampers and their supporting members to minimize an objective function of a linear multi-storey structure subjected to the critical ground acceleration. The objective function is taken as the sum of the stochastic interstorey drifts. A frequency-dependent viscoelastic damper and the supporting member are treated as a vibration control device. Due to the added stiffness by the supplemental viscoelastic damper, the variable critical excitation needs to be updated simultaneously within the evolutionary phase of the optimal damper placement. Two different models of the entire damper unit are investigated. The first model is a detailed model referred to as "the 3N model" where the relative displacement in each component (i.e., the spring and the dashpot) of the damper unit is defined. The second model is a simpler model referred to as "the N model" where the entire damper unit is converted into an equivalent frequencydependent Kelvin-Voigt model. Numerical analyses for 3 and 10-storey building models are conducted to investigate the characters of the optimal design using these models and to examine the validity of the proposed technique.