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Introduction pirituality and ethics are the core values shaping human life from ancient times (1). The term spirituality has different meanings and can be usually considered identical with the word religion. However, it is important to distinguish between religion and spirituality since they are not of the same nature and are two different concepts while being relevant (2). Spirituality is defined as a personal quest to search for the deeper meaning of life in relation to God and universe. There are common concepts associated with this structure, such as communication with the inner self, search for common values beyond personal effort, a deep empathy with all aspects of life, and a desire to be linked with the sources of life (3). Given the positive effects of spirituality on the improvement of main psychological structures, such as life satisfaction (4,5) mental health (6,7), and happiness (8), as well as the negative effects of perceived everyday stress (9), this concept has been taken into consideration in the workplace and developed greatly. A growing number of employees are seeking meaning in work as they are looking for meaning in their personal life given the fact that although life without work is pointless, soulless work also ruins life (10). In addition to employees, large organizations support workplace spirituality due to its higher impact on their success, compared to other factors (11). In this regard, the employment of spirituality facilitates the organizations to create a human environment based on human values in which employees can flourish all S

Background:Forgiveness, as an intentional denial of your right of anger and aversion from a harmful deed, is related to many psychological processes of human which results in more psychological safety for people. The present study aimed to predict the psychological safety of nurses through different dimensions of forgiveness skill.Materials and Methods:This correlational study was conducted on 170 nurses working in Kerman hospitals during 2016–2017 who were selected based on convenience random sampling. Edmondson psychological safety and Thompson Heartland forgiveness scale were used for data collection. Data were analyzed through Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression model.Results:TThe results indicated that psychological safety has a significant relationship with self-forgiveness (p = 0.0001) and other-forgiveness (p = 0.04). Further, only self-forgiveness could significantly predict 0.07 of psychological safety variance (p = 0.003).Conclusions:Self-forgiveness skill can improve the nurses' psychological safety and reduce the harms caused by job pressures by reinforcing positive psychological factors. It is recommended to teach forgiveness skill through holding in-service classes to staff and study the relationship between psychological safety with other social life skills among nurses.

Background: Addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder and there are several factors influencing its commencement and continuance. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to examine the effective factors in first drug use experience among male and female addicts in recovery. Methods: Interviews were performed with 40 individuals (20 females and 20 males) at addiction treatment centers across the city of Kerman, using criterion sampling. Transcripts were analyzed for themes, which represented the shared consensus of the research participants and the utilization of MAXQDA12 software helped in the analysis of data. Results: Participants of the present study reported four factors, including family (addiction of a family member, family's positive attitude towards drug use, family's belief that drugs are curative, and selling drugs by a family member), friends (having addict friends at school, military service, marital life, and blindly following friends' opinion towards addiction), partner (addiction of a spouse and their compulsions), and stress (stress as a result of loss or bereavement and physical pain) as the most effective factors paving the way for their first drug use experience. Three factors of family, friends, and stress were common for both males and females yet, interestingly, partner's addiction was only referred to by females as the main reason for their first drug use experience. Conclusions:The findings of the present study stress the need to focus on the role of family in preventive addiction programs, as well as educating individuals to learn better partner-seeking and friendship skills, and stress management.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the acceptance, commitment and problem-solving skills training on reducing the emotional divorce and the marital frustration. Method: The research method, with regard to the quasi-experimental nature of the subject, was selected with a pre-test post-test design with a control group. The statistical population was the couples attending the Family counseling centers in Kerman city in 2019. The study sample involved 30 participating couples who were selected using convenience sampling and were divided into two experimental and control groups. Training the acceptance, commitment and problem-solving was presented to the couples in the experimental group during eight two-hour sessions. The educational content was about couples' problems in marital relationships, choosing a common marital value and offering a solution based on it, and identifying internal and external barriers to action based on values. To assess the subjects in both groups, the Emotional divorce questionnaire, and the Marital Frustration questionnaire Completed before and after the intervention. In order to analyze the data, mean value, standard deviation (SD), and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) were used. SPSS version 22 was further used. The significance level of the study was considered to be p=0.05. Results: The results of the covariance analysis for the participants who were 30-60 years old couples with at least five years of marital experience showed that training the acceptance, commitment and problem-solving was effective on reducing the emotional divorce and frustration. While the mean value of emotional divorce for the pre-test was (M=14.33), the results for the post-test changed to (M=11.80). Marital frustration was also changed from (M=48.93) in the pre-test to (M=44.60). Conclusions: According to the results, maybe we need to consider a more serious role for training the acceptance, commitment and problem-solving in the educational and therapeutic interventions related to reducing the emotional divorce and the marital frustration of the couples.