Background: Disparities encountered by men and women physicians are well documented. However, evidence is lacking concerning the effects of gender on daily practice in the specialty of anesthesiology. Aims: To evaluate gender disparities perceived by female anesthesiologists. Setting and Design: Anonymous, voluntary 30-question, electronic secure REDcap survey. Materials and Methods: Survey link was sent via email, Twitter and the Facebook page, Physician Mom's Group. Instructions dictated that only female attending anesthesiologists participate and to partake in the survey one time. Statistical Analysis: Categorical variables were summarized using frequencies and percentages. Associations between categorical variables were tested using Chi-square test. Likert scale items were treated as continuous variables. T-tests were utilized to examine differences between those who reported burnout and those who did not. Results: 502 survey responses were received and analyzed. Female leadership was valued by 78%, yet only 47% had leadership roles. Being female was identified by 51% as negatively affecting career advancement and 90% perceived that women in medicine need to work harder than men to achieve the same career goals. Sexual harassment was experienced by 55%. Nearly 35% of institutions did not offer paid maternity leave. Burnout was identified in 43% of respondents and was significantly associated with work-life balance not being ideal ( P < 0.0001), gender negatively affecting career advancement ( P < 0.0001), experiencing sexual harassment at work ( P = 0.002), feeling the need to work harder than men ( P = 0.0033), being responsible for majority of household duties ( P = 0.0074), lack of weekly exercise ( P = 0.0135) and lack of lactation needs at work ( P = 0.0007). Conclusions: Understanding perceptions of female anesthesiologists may lead to actionable plans aimed at improving workplace equity or conditions.

Background: The anatomy curriculum has undergone considerable reductions in class time, resulting in decreased student anatomical knowledge retention and confidence during their surgical rotations. To counter this deficit in anatomy knowledge, a clinical anatomy mentorship program (CAMP) was developed by fourth-year medical student leaders and staff mentors in a near-peer teaching fashion prior to the surgical clerkship. This study analyzed the impact this program had on third-year medical students (MS3s) self-assessed anatomical knowledge and confidence in the operating room on the Breast Surgical Oncology rotation after this near-peer program. Methods: A single-center prospective survey study was performed at an academic medical center. Pre- and post-program surveys were administered to all students who participated in the CAMP and rotated on the breast surgical oncology (BSO) service during the surgery clerkship rotation. A control group of individuals who did not rotate on the CAMP was established, and this group was administered a retrospective survey. A 5-point Likert scale was used to assess surgical anatomy knowledge, confidence in the operating room, and comfort in assisting in the operating room. Control group versus post-CAMP intervention group and pre- versus post-CAMP intervention groups survey results were compared using the Student’s t-test with a p-value of <0.05 statistically significant. Results: All CAMP students rated their surgical anatomy knowledge (p < 0.01), confidence in the operating room (p < 0.01), and comfort in assisting in the operating room (p < 0.01) as greater than those who did not participate in the program. Additionally, the program improved the ability of third-year medical students to prepare for operating room cases going into their third-year breast surgical oncology clerkship (p < 0.03). Conclusions: This near-peer surgical education model appears to be an effective way to prepare third-year medical students for the breast surgical oncology rotation during the surgery clerkship by improving anatomic knowledge and student confidence. The program can serve as a template for medical students, surgical clerkship directors, and other faculty interested in efficiently expanding surgical anatomy at their institution.

We identified 234 patients who underwent PKA at two large academic institutions in the US. Trifecta was defined as absence of perioperative complications, no significant eGFR reduction (>25% reduction from baseline eGFR), and no evidence of disease (recurrence, metastasis, survival). The incidence of significant eGFR reduction and recurrence was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to identify predictors of Trifecta achievement.RESULTS: Preoperative characteristics of the study population are shown in table 1. Tumor stage was T1a in 216 (92.3%) and T1b in 18 (7.7%). Median follow-up was 42.4 months. Trifecta was achieved in 142 patients (60.7%). Overall 59 patients (25.2%) developed significant eGFR reduction and 28 patients (12.0%) developed recurrence that was managed successfully with repeat ablation in 11 patients and subsequent surgery in 14 patients. 3 patients did not undergo additional treatment. Complications occurred in 21 patients (9%). The most frequent complications were small subcapsular hematomas and hematuria. Only one patient required embolization for right intra-lobar artery hemorrhage. At univariate analysis, gender (OR 0.30), race (OR 0.58), baseline eGFR (OR 0.99), tumor size (OR 0.65) and tumor stage (OR 0.29) emerged as predictors of trifecta achievement. Gender, baseline eGFR and tumor size also remained significant at the multivariable analysis.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm that PKA represents a safe and effective treatment option in patients with renal mass. Tumor size, baseline eGFR and gender seem to be strong predictors of Trifecta outcomes, and they should be considered when determining treatment plan.

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