Activated carbon from an agriculture by-product (rice husk) was prepared by carbonization at 500°C (50°C/15 min) followed by activation at 850°C for 1 h. The adsorption of phenolic compounds onto this activated carbon was studied using batch adsorber methods. The experimental results showed that the prepared activated carbon removed phenolic compounds effectively from aqueous solution.Analysis of the contact time data gave an indication of the mechanism. The external mass-transfer constant, k f , involved in the adsorption process was determined using different initial adsorbate concentrations (C 0 ) and adsorbent A twin-resistance mass-transfer model based on external mass transfer and pore diffusion was applied successfully to the system under investigation. Concentration decay curves were predicted using a single modified mass-transfer coefficient, k f , and a single effective diffusion coefficient, D eff , for studies involving variable adsorbent masses and initial adsorbate concentrations.
The mechanistic aspects of the sorption of Basic Blue-3 and Basic Red-22 on to cement kiln dust (CKD) have been investigated. The bypass kiln dust before and after washing with water was characterized by X-ray diffraction methods, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Two forms of bypass kiln dust were used in this study without any treatment, i.e. in powder and pelletized form (the latter being achieved using water or sodium silicate). Equilibrium isotherms to assess the maximum capacity of the two basic dyes on the two forms of CKD were evaluated using a computer program. This allowed two-, three-and four-parameter adsorption models to be studied; it was found that the piecewise Freundlich isotherm yielded an excellent overall fit. Washing with water led to the loss of some active sites responsible for the sorptive capacity. The increase in capacity observed after pelletization with water rather than with sodium silicate could be explained by an increase in hydroxy moieties that undergo exchange reactions. In both cases of pelletization, the adsorption capacity was less than for the unwashed powdered form. The uptake order was found to be: unwashed powder > pellets with water > pellets with sodium silicate.
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