This paper discusses the determination of customer requirements for the development of a welding fumes index by using a Quality Function Deployment (QFD) approach. A welding fumes index is developed with the objective of enhancing welding workplace safety and health. The index simplifies complex health-hazard issues of welding fumes so that they can be comprehended easily by employees and administrators. Likert scale questionnaires on welders' desire to know about the health effects of the various welding fumes that exist in their workplace were distributed among welders in the automotive assembly industry in the state of Pahang, Malaysia. A pilot test of the QFD questionnaire was done (n=11) and Cronbach Alpha's analysis is 0.967, which indicates a high level of internal consistency of the questionnaire scale. In the actual sampling (n=32), the results of the questionnaires show that all the customer requirements (irritant effect, sensitizer effects, respiratory system effect, systemic toxin effect, reproductive toxins effect, carcinogen effect, mixture effect) were equally important to the welders. The relationship between the customer (welder) requirement and technical characteristics was established, whereby important technical characteristics were shortlisted (personal sampling 23.0%, multi chemical analysis 20.8%, exposure limit 19.7%, health questionnaire 17.6% and lung function test 14.7%). Development of welding fumes indices according to employee demand will increase knowledge and awareness of occupational safety and health among employees (welders).

Abstract-The preliminary measurement of welding fumes was conducted by means to get firsthand experience and understanding the welding fumes issues in automotive assembly plant in Malaysia. Personal sampling pumps were provided to a human welder of highest risk in the assembly section. Series of direct reading measurement for area sampling of particulate matters 2.5µm or less in diameter size (P.M 2.5 ), toxic gases and temperature were also conducted at the same time. The welding fumes sample were then analyze by scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Questionnaires were distributed to the welders for questionnaire's pilot test purpose in order to determine welder's knowledge on welding hazards and persistent symptom experience by each welder. Results of the study show that welding fumes contains the highest element of cobalt and nickel. Carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and ammonia level were well below the standard level. Results from the mean score questionnaire analysis shows the welders posses limited knowledge of welding fumes hazard and not sure of the health effects of welding fumes There are eight persistent symptoms that had been experience by at least 50% of the welder. This preliminary study had successfully identified suggestion and alteration towards the actual measurement that will be conduct on the next stage.

Abstract-Electroencephalographic measurements are commonly used in medical and research areas. This article presents an introduction into Electroencephalography (EEG) measurement and the simple experiment of EEG. Its purpose is to develop orientation in EEG field and with building basic knowledge for performing EEG recordings. The normal person used as subject was used in this experiment. It is conducted in three condition; relax, hand grasp and lastly grasp and release. At the end of the experiment, there are some changes of the brain signal due to the activity that subject has been done. It shows that the brain will generate the different signal relate to the activity or the way of thinking of the subject. This study will be used as a fundamental concept for Brain Computer Interface (BCI)-Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) system development.

In 2009 there were 28,840 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia which represented 94.2 % of the total establishments in the manufacturing sector. Job tasks in manufacturing sectors above all involve welding processes. The issues in SMEs mainly resolve around poor working conditions contributing to worker’s safety and health problem. Welding fumes and toxic gas assessment in SMEs welding workplace is essential in order to ensure the minimum level of exposure is maintained as required by the prevailing standards. This paper outlines the methodology for fumes and toxic gas sampling by taking into account analytical method currently available for analysis in the government accredited laboratory. The proposed methods are divided into two; the pilot test and the actual measurement. Standardize sampling method using sampling pump along with direct reading measurement are consider in both the pilot test and actual measurement. The proposed sampling method hopefully will benefit researcher, stakeholders or SMEs by giving guidance on the suitable method for welding workplace assessment

Abstract-Water is a necessity of life to humans and animals. In Malaysia, Government Link Companies (GLC) or Private Companies manages most of the water treatment plants. Chlorine gas is used as one of the water treatment media to treat raw water that will then be distributed for public or commercial usage. The large volume of Chlorine gases used and stored in these treatment plants has the potential to create a disaster if it leaks. Objective of this paper to highlight a result of Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) monitoring system and their performance test in controlling of air flow from the chlorine gas building to prevent leakage and spread to the surrounding environment. Methodology used follows the American Governmental Industrial Hygienist (ACGIH). The Chlorine Gas leakage system is checked and verified by using ACGIH Standard. Finally as a result, all the measured parameters (velocity, flow rate, face velocity and brake horse power (bhp)) show that the measurement and monitoring system of LEV are complied with ACGIH Standard and Local Law and Regulations.Index Terms-Chlorine gas, local exhaust ventilation (LEV), American governmental industrial hygienist (ACGIH), occupational safety and health (OSH).