Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a group of hepatic diseases that range in severity. NAFLD is increasingly recognized as an epidemic among different populations, including those in Africa and the Middle East. The objective of this narrative review is to document the prevalence of and risk factors for NAFLD in Africa and the Middle East and the potential implications on the healthcare systems. An in-depth search on Google Scholar, Medline and PubMed was conducted using the terms “non-alcoholic fatty liver disease” and “non-alcoholic steatohepatitis”, in addition to “prevalence and risk factors for NAFLD”, with special emphasis on Africa and the Middle East countries. There were three types of epidemiological studies that included prevalence, risk factors and management/complications of NAFLD. There was noticeable variation in the prevalence of NAFLD among different countries, based on the variation in the prevalence of risk factors (type 2 diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia) and the diagnostic tool used in the study. However, the highest prevalence rate was reported in some Middle East countries. In Africa, there were few studies about NAFLD and most reported variable prevalence rates. There is an increasing prevalence of NAFLD as a result of the increasing risk factors, particularly in the Middle East, while in Africa, the situation is still unclear. Health providers in these regions are faced with many challenges that need urgent plans.

Background: Child birth is difficult period and associated with strenuous stress for the birth attendants as well, the parturient ladies, especially in primigravidae whose pelvis has not been tested. Methods: A prospective case-control study at Dongola maternity hospital. To assess mode of delivery and outcome in primigravidae with unengaged head. The study included 248 primigravidae at term, singleton, and in labor, divided into case and control groups equally, unengaged and engaged head. Results: The overall results among both case and control group revealed no difference in mode of delivery, vaginal delivery was (77.4%) and (83.9%), respectively. The significant findings were: head position as it was in the case group 24.2% O.A, 58.1% O.T, and 17.7% O.P. The corresponding figures in control group were 29%, 64.5%, and 6.5%. The difference was significant ( P = 0.024). 91.9% of the case group augmented and 77.4% in the control group ( P = 0.002). The most interesting significant difference was body mass index. in the control group 3.2% had a BMI of <20 kg/m 2 , 50% had a BMI 20–25 kg/m 2 , 16.8% had a BMI 25–30 kg/m 2 , and 30% had a BMI >30 kg/m 2 . In the cases, group were 3.7%, 31%, 25.3%, and 40% sequentially with significant difference ( P = 0.011). Conclusion: With good conduction of labor, there were no difference in mode of delivery and outcome in primigravidae with unengaged fetal heads.

Background: Although there are safe and effective methods of abortion, unsafe abortions still widely spread, mainly in underdeveloped countries. Objective: Study of post abortion care services at Red Sea State to address rate and utilization of post-abortion care package. Methods: This is a descriptive (observational hospital-based study), conducted at Port Sudan Maternity hospital (May 2018–May 2019). The sample included all patients with inevitable and incomplete miscarriage. Results: The total admissions to emergency in gynaecological department during the study period was 9525 cases, of them 1077 cases of abortion, hence the rate was 11.3%. Spontaneous onset occurred in 631 (58.6%) and induced in 446 (41.4%). Surprisingly very few surgical evacuations done in 2 (0.2%). 710 (66.1%) evacuated by Misoprostol and MVA done for 362 (33.7%). Patients who received family planning and counseling were 223 (20.7%). Conclusion: in conclusion the rate of abortion was 11.3%, high incidence of induced abortion and high non-surgical evacuation. Utilization of care package is reasonable.