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Motor rehabilitation exercises require recurrent repetitions to enhance patients’ gestures. However, these repetitive gestures usually decrease the patients’ motivation and stress them. Virtual Reality (VR) exer-games (serious games in general) could be an alternative solution to address the problem. This innovative technology encourages patients to train different gestures with less effort since they are totally immersed in an easy to play exer-game. Despite this evolution, patients, with available exer-games, still suffer in performing their gestures correctly without pain. The developed applications do not consider the patients psychological states when playing an exer-game. Therefore, we believe that is necessary to develop personalized and adaptive exer-games that take into consideration the patients’ emotions during rehabilitation exercises. This paper proposed a VR-PEER adaptive exer-game system based on emotion recognition. The platform contain three main modules: (1) computing and interpretation module, (2) emotion recognition module, (3) adaptation module. Furthermore, a virtual reality-based serious game is developed as a case study, that uses updated facial expression data and provides dynamically the patient’s appropriate game to play during rehabilitation exercises. An experimental study has been conducted on fifteen subjects who expressed the usefulness of the proposed system in motor rehabilitation process.

The interconnection of medical devices is emerging as a new requirement in modern medicine. The final goal of connecting heterogeneous medical devices in a wider network of computational servers is to monitor and improve patient safety, where it also constitutes a major goal in the Integrated Clinical Environment (ICE) framework. The heterogeneity of medical devices provided by different suppliers is a key challenge in ICE-based systems, where interoperability and data communication across devices is still under study and specification. ICE aims to create a standard interface that covers medical devices heterogeneity, hence, achieving interoperability in a safe way. It focuses on defining an interoperable bus between the patient, medical devices, software applications, and the clinician. Given the lack of realization of ICE standard, this paper presents a component-based framework for making ICE usable for medical applications. This work illustrates the component model in detail and validates it with a prototype implementation that focuses on the integration of heterogeneous medical devices as the most relevant requirements faced by ICE.

Our daily life is increasingly becoming more and more dependent on software as they are being extensively used to control safety and mission-critical systems. This has lead to very stringent verification requirements for ensuring that the software performs as intended. However, the testing based techniques cannot provide a rigorous verification due to limited computational and memory constraints and traditional formal verification techniques, like model checking and theorem proving, are not too straightforward to work with in the industrial setting. In this paper, as a first step to overcome these limitations, we describe a hybrid property based testing and model checking based technique for verifying both models and implementation of access control systems. Our approach addresses the model checking of critical properties of access control systems and aims at improving their reliability by using property based testing to analyze the corresponding software code. For illustration purposes, a simple example of an access control system is used.

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