The objective of the present study was to investigate the nutritive value and heavy metals accumulation in the flesh of Clarias lazera (Cuvier and Valenciennes) reared in the discharge canal of Soba wastewater treatment station, south Khartoum, Sudan. A total of 57 fish were collected from the canal and 52 from the White Nile which served as the control. The proximate composition of fish and concentrations of eight hazardous heavy metals i.e. chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), robidium (Rb), strontium (Sr), and mercury (Hg) in the flesh of C. lazera were measured. The results which were statistically analyzed revealed insignificant differences in moisture, ash, fat contents, energy value, and fat: protein ratio (P>0.05) between the two studied sites. A significant difference (P<0.05) was evident in the protein content of fishes from both locations. Heavy metals accumulation in Clarias tissues differ from one element to another depending on each element characteristics and local environmental conditions e.g. Sr was higher in the White Nile fishes than in treated wastewater fishes (P<0.05). Accumulation of Pb and Hg was comparable in wastewater and White Nile (P>0.05). Fe, Cu, Zn and Rb concentrations were significantly higher in treated wastewater fishes than natural water fishes (P<0.05). Cr was also higher in treated wastewater fishes (P>0.05). Nevertheless, the concentrations of most considered elements were lower than levels recommended by various international agencies.

Introduction: Sudan, especially Eastern States are very poor areas at great risk of endemic and communicable diseases particularly tuberculosis. The reasons for the spread and transmission of this disease include medical, economical and geographical issues, besides Sudan’s location in the middle of nine countries in East Africa, its boundaries were affected by free movement, high number of conflicts displaced peoples from boarders’ countries, high illiteracy rates, limited financial resources and shortages in medical services. Objectives: This project is conducted to implement a new developed system for eliminating Tuberculosis infections among eastern Sudanese populations focusing on the eradication of multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis including novel methods for the targeted delivery of new therapeutic drugs. Methods: Strategies adopted in this work are proposed to increase access includes to communicable and economic factors. Disease Survey and Laboratorial Investigation for Multi Drug Resistant bacterial strains confirmation. Medical Assessment of TB Patients to facilitate improved efficiencies through metric measurement and enable patients’ relationship management. Established a national level policy of treatment, vaccination and prevention. Administering regular evaluation of the disease situation and control.Results: Implementation outcomes includes the conceptual framework for this project were informed by a combination of the general program logic model, the health system framework of the World Health Organization, WHO, the pillars of the Sudan health agenda, and the framework of the Strategic Elimination Plan. It is assumed that the reduction of TB burden at the national level (long-term output or impact) is preceded by improved case-finding and case-holding practices (short-term output). Impact outcome of the project is derived from the observation that tuberculosis is much more common at the boarders than center of Sudan where no adequate clinical services are available. It is conceivable that, although outbreaks may occur periodically, the control of disease might be easier to overcome than direct medication.Conclusion: A major success of the project accomplishment, is the stimulation of the implementation strategy development for elimination and eradication of Tuberculosis in Sudan with a view to bring diagnostic and surveillance issues much higher up according to the implementation research agenda especially for those areas explored with similar national and international research projects, reports and technical initiatives.

Introduction: Sudan, especially Eastern States are very poor areas at great risk of endemic and communicable diseases particularly tuberculosis. The reasons for the spread and transmission of this disease include medical, economical and geographical issues, besides Sudan’s location in the middle of nine countries in East Africa, its boundaries were affected by free movement, high number of conflicts displaced peoples from boarders’ countries, high illiteracy rates, limited financial resources and shortages in medical services. Objectives: This project is conducted to implement a new developed system for eliminating Tuberculosis infections among eastern Sudanese populations focusing on the eradication of multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis including novel methods for the targeted delivery of new therapeutic drugs. Conceptual Methodology: Strategies adopted in this work are proposed to increase access includes to communicable and economic factors. Disease Survey and Laboratorial Investigation for Multi Drug Resistant bacterial strains confirmation. Medical Assessment of TB Patients to facilitate improved efficiencies through metric measurement and enable patients’ relationship management. Established a national level policy of treatment, vaccination and prevention. Administering regular evaluation of the disease situation and control.Results: Implementation outcomes includes the conceptual framework for this project were informed by a combination of the general program logic model, the health system framework of the World Health Organization, WHO, the pillars of the Sudan health agenda, and the framework of the Strategic Elimination Plan. It is assumed that the reduction of TB burden at the national level (long-term output or impact) is preceded by improved case-finding and case-holding practices (short-term output). Impact outcome of the project is derived from the observation that tuberculosis is much more common at the boarders than center of Sudan where no adequate clinical services are available. It is conceivable that, although outbreaks may occur periodically, the control of disease might be easier to overcome than direct medication.Conclusion: A major success of the project accomplishment, is the stimulation of the implementation strategy development for elimination and eradication of Tuberculosis in Sudan with a view to bring diagnostic and surveillance issues much higher up according to the implementation research agenda especially for those areas explored with similar national and international research projects, reports and technical initiatives.