Over the last decades, endophytic fungi represent a new source of pharmacologically active secondary metabolites based on the underlying assumption that they live symbiotically within their plant host. In the present study, a new endophytic fungus was isolated from Rauwolfia macrophylla , a medicinal plant from Cameroon. The fungus showed a highest homology to Curvularia sp. based on complete nucleotide sequence data generated from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA region. Large scale fermentation, working-up and separation of the strain extract using different chromatographic techniques afforded three bioactive compounds: 2'-deoxyribolactone ( 1 ), hexylitaconic acid ( 2 ) and ergosterol ( 3 ). The chemical structures of compounds 1–3 were confirmed by 1 and 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, and comparison with corresponding literature data. Biologically, the antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory of the isolated compounds were studied.

The crystal structure and unambiguous absolute configuration of meleagrin (1) isolated from fungus Emericella dentata Nq45 is reported herein to first time on the bases of single crystal X-ray diffraction. Together with 1, haenamindole (2), isorugulosuvine (3), secalonic acid D (4), ergosterol (5) and cerebroside A (6) were obtained and their structures were determined by ESI MS and NMR data analysis. Diverse biological activity of meleagrin (1) was investigated. Compound 1 pronounced potent cytotoxicity against the human cervix carcinoma cell line KB-3-1 and

Terretonin O (1), a new meroterpenoid, was isolated individually from both methanolic extracts of thermophilic Aspergillus terreus TM8 and marine Aspergillus terreus LGO13. The recently reported terretonins M (2) and N (3) were further isolated from the fungus LGO13 along with nine known compounds, terrelumamide A (4), terrein (5), methyl-3,4,5-trimethoxyl-2-[2-(nicotinamide)benzamido]benzoate (6), butyrolactones I-III (7-9), aspulvinone O (10), ergosterol, ergost-4-ene-3-one and methyl linoleate. Structure of terretonin O (1) was established on the bases of HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra and comparison with its analogues in literatures. The relative stereochemistry of 1 was assigned on the basis of NOESY spectra and comparison with reported configuration of its congener compounds 2 and 3. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the fungal extracts and obtained compounds were assayed using a set of microorganisms, and cervix carcinoma cell line (KB-3-1), respectively. Isolation and taxonomical characterization of the producing strains are reported.