Pesticides are relatively inexpensive and easy tool that can be used and applied for controlling stored-products insects attacking grain elevators, grain stores, flours mills and feed mills. Certain contact insecticides of low mammalian can be applied and sprayed in these stores of grains before or during storage to protect them from insect pests or to control established infestations. Four insecticides (lambda-cyhalothrin [Lambada-Magic ® 5% EC], primiphos-methyl [Actellic ® 50% EC], chlorpyrifos [Magic-phos ® 48% EC] and spinetoram [Radiant ® 12 %SC]) were tested against adults of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) , using direct contact application. The response varied with chemical insecticide, insect species and exposure time. Filter paper diffusion method at different doses was used for assaying the different tested insecticides. Spinetoram was highly toxic against T. castaneum after 24 and 48 hrs of exposure. Lambda-cyhalothrin was highly toxic against T. castaneum followed by spinetoram; chlorpyrifos and primiphos-methyl after the period of exposure of 72 hrs. Nevertheless, it could be noticed that the toxic effect of spinetoram (LC 50 =4.12ppm) was close to that of lambda-cyhalothrin (LC 50 =3.28ppm) after exposure period of 72 hrs. Spinetoram was highly toxic against S. oryzae followed by chlorpyrifos, and primiphos-methyl after 24 and 48hrs. Spinetoram was also highly toxic against S. oryzae followed by chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin and primiphos-methyl after 72hrs. The results indicated that spinetoram as a novel insecticide is highly toxic to both the red flour beetle T. castaneum and the rice weevil S. oryzae. Implications of these results for stored product insects' management programs would be beneficial.

An environmental problem was recorded in broad bean crop cultivated in Noubareya region during season 2013. Harvested broad bean seeds were obtained by satisfactory evidence of weak economic value.An attempt of seed treatment process was carried out in this study to inhibit fungal growth and mycotoxins produced by Alternaria alternata and Penicillium citrinum in field during cultivation process using sorbic and benzoic acids at 10 and 15 ppm,; ethyl sorbate and/or ethyl benzoate at 5 and10 ppm for each treatment as alternative to the fungicides metalaxyl DS and ridomil MZ72WP at recommended rate (x) and 1 ½ recommended rate applied for seed protection during cultivation process. The germination test showed the failure of all the tested preservative treatments to germinate seeds. Therefore; all treatments were used as foliar seedlings spray applied 3 times every 15 days during the experiment (60 days) . The results of fungicidal activity indicated that the use of preservative up to 10 ppm totally inhibited fungal growth except ethyl benzoate and ethyl sorbate which completely inhibited fungi at 5ppm Moreover, 5 and 10 ppm concs realized the same inhibition rate exerted by metalaxyl and ridomil MZ at 1.5 x. Untreated plants showed higher death ratios, compared with treated ones. Ridomil MZ at conc. 1.5 x reduced dead plants 60% followed by benzoic acid 56% at conc.5 ppm.Furthermore, the ester form of both benzoic and sorbic acids were more effective in reducing AOH and CTN than the other tested fungicides. metalaxyl and ridomil MZ at 1.5 x. Ridomil MZ at conc. 1.5 x reduced dead plants 60% followed by benzoic acid 56% at conc.5ppm. Furthermore, the ester form of both benzoic and sorbic acids acids were more effective in reducing altrnariol (AOH) and citrinin (CTN) than the other tested fungicides. Accordingly they can act successfully as fungicides alternatives. Benzoic acid has been actively playing a great role as antifungal and detoxifier agent. Meanwhile, it affected plant growth which badly in need for more studies to avoid these side effects.