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Background modelling is a critical case for background-subtraction-based approaches and also for a wide range of applications. The background generation becomes difficult when the scene is complex or an object stays for a long time in the scene. Here, the authors propose a block-based background initialisation, using the sum of absolute difference (SAD), and modelling, using a block-based entropy evaluation, with a low computational cost which making them feasible for embedded platform. In general, many background-subtraction approaches are sensitive to sudden illumination change in the scene and cannot update the background image in scenes. The proposed background modelling approach analyses the illumination change problem. The moving object detection mask is developed using a threshold selected by computing the mean of the SAD between the blocks background and the blocks of the current frame. From the qualitative and quantitative results obtained by the authors approach compared with some existing methods, the authors approach is effective for background generation and moving objects detection.

Dimensionality reduction techniques are powerful tools for face recognition, because they obtain important information from a dataset. Several dimensionality reduction methods proposed in literature have been improved thanks to preprocessing approaches. However, they also require post-processing to rectify and increase the quality of projected data. This study presents a simple and new discriminative post-processing framework to make the dimensionality reduction methods robust to outliers. In detail, the proposed approach separates features according to their scale using multidimensional ensemble empirical mode decomposition (MEEMD) and then the spatial and frequency domain processing methods are employed to preserve crucial features. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated on ORL, Extended Yale B, AR, and LFW datasets by several dimensionality reduction techniques. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can perform very well in face recognition.