Poor dietary habits lead to the emergence of chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, cancer, dementia, obesity and oxidative stress involved through the aggression of cells by free radicals, Knowing that these diseases cause a global burden both individually and economically, Several studies focus on the relationship between diet and chronic disease. Studies suggest that the Mediterranean diet, (MD) traditional eating habits and lifestyle specific to the Mediterranean region, reduce the incidence of chronic diseases and improve longevity. The MD is known to be one of the healthiest diets, this diet is based on herbs, spices, vegetables, fruits, olive oils, cereals (preferably whole grains), legumes and nuts, fish and shellfish, white meat, so the main source of dietary fat from MD is olive oil. Moderate consumption of eggs and dairy products, and reduced consumption of red meats, processed meats and foods rich in sugars and fats. MD has a beneficial fatty acid profile with a higher content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MSFA) and a higher MSFA / saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio than non-Mediterranean diets. High consumption of dietary fiber. a low glycemic index, antiinflammatory effects, and antioxidant compounds, can work together to produce favorable effects on health status. MD is rich in vitamins and minerals, such as: vitamin B (B1, B2, niacin, B6, folate and B12) and antioxidant vitamins (vitamins E and C), and polyphenol, flavonoids, phytosterols, n-fatty acids 3 (alpha linoleic acid), resveratrol, quercetin, oleic acid, carotenoids and lutein. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the current state of science regarding the relationship between the traditional Mediterranean diet and lifestyle related chronic diseases, and discuss the mechanisms involved and opportunities. In this area of research, to clarify and increase the confidence of the role of nutrition in the etiology of chronic diseases.

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Introduction : Le modèle alimentaire du Maroc est en phase de transition, il cède d'avantage son trait purement traditionnel méditerranéen pour devenir de plus en plus standard. Il s'agit d'une étude transversale visant à mettre le point sur les comportements alimentaires, le mode de vie et leur relation avec les facteurs de risques cardio-métaboliques de la population adulte âgée de 18 ans et plus de la ville de Nador et Oujda (en Maroc oriental), et leur voisinage rural. Méthodes : Nous avons appliqué l'approche STEPwise de l'OMS pour étudier les relations entre les facteurs socio-économiques, socio-démographiques et nutritionnelles associées à des analyses biochimiques, afin d'analyser les maladies cardio-métaboliques et leurs facteurs de risque.   Résultats : Les résultats révèlent des scores d'adhésion au régime méditerranéen plus élevés en milieux ruraux, ceci est lié au niveau économique plus faible que celui des milieux urbains. Le surpoids et l'obésité y sont moins forts, alors que le niveau d’activité physique est plus élevé. L’échantillon total est 2537 (1261 femmes et 1276 hommes) personnes adultes, l’âge moyen est 43,62 (±18,29). La population étudiée adhère fortement au RM (76%). La glycémie à jeun représente une moyenne de 95.04 mg/dl et un écart type de ±15.06. La pression artérielle systolique et diastolique montrent respectivement les moyennes 128.23 mm Hg (±19.82) et 72.83 mm Hg (±12.74) et la fréquence cardiaque 91.73 battements par minute (±13.74). Le dosage des paramètres lipidiques montre des moyennes du cholestérol total de 1.68 g/L (±0.27), de HDL-Cholestérol 0.46 g/L (±0.08), de LDL-Cholestérol 1.15 g/L (±0.39) et les Triglycérides 0.76 g/L (±0.32). La moyenne d'acide urique était 4.76 mg/dl (±1.73). Les personnes qui exercent une activité physique de forte intensité représentent 64% en zone rurale versus 53% en zone urbaine, les femmes 48% contre 69% pour les hommes. Les personnes qui exercent une activité physique d’intensité modérée représentent 34% en zone rurale versus 31% en zone urbaine, les femmes 28% contre 39% pour les hommes. Conclusions : L'incitation de la population a une adoption du régime méditerranéen traditionnel qui fait partie de leurs habitudes connues, et de résister le plus possible à l'envahissement du régime standard, serait un moyen pour réduire la propagation des maladies cardio-métaboliques chez la population marocaine. Introduction: The Moroccan food model is in a transitional phase; it is giving up its purely traditional Mediterranean trait to become perceptly standard. We conducted a cross-sectional study that focuses on the dietary behavior, lifestyle, and their relationship with cardio-metabolic risk factors in the adult population, aged 18 and over, in the cities of Nador and Oujda (in eastern Morocco) and their rural neighborhoods. Methods: The World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise Approach was utilized to study the relationship between the socio-economic, socio-demographic, and nutritional factors associated with the biochemical analysis to examine cardio-metabolic diseases and their risk factors. Results: The results revealed higher adherence scores to the Mediterranean diet (MD) in rural areas, which is related to lower economic levels compared to urban areas, lower levels of obesity, and a higher level of physical activity. We used a total of 2537samples (1261 women, and 1276 men) that we collected from adult participants with an average age of 43.62 (±18.29) years old. The study population had high adherence to the MD (76%). The mean fasting blood glucose level was 95.04 mg/dL (±15.06), while the systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed respectively, averages of 128.23 mm Hg (±19.82) and 72.83 mm Hg (±12.74). The average heart rate was 91.73 beats per minute (±13.74) and the lipid parameters showed mean total cholesterol of 1.68 g/L (±0.27). In addition to that, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol showed a value of 0.46 g/L (±0.08), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol 1.15 g/L (±0.39), the triglycerides 0.76 g/L (±0.32), and the average uric acid was 4.76 mg/dL (±1.73). The proportion of people performing high-intensity physical activity was 64% in rural areas versus 53% in urban areas, in which 69% of them were men and 48% were women. People who exercise at a moderate intensity represent 34% of the population in rural areas versus 31% in urban areas, with women constituting 28% of them versus 39% for men. Conclusions: Encouraging the population to adopt the traditional Mediterranean diet, which is part of their known habits, and to resist as much as possible the invasion of the standard diet would be a way to reduce the spread of cardio-metabolic diseases among the Moroccan population. ad of cardio-metabolic diseases among the Moroccan population.