Vulnerability of communication of digital images is an extremely important issue nowadays, particularly when the images are communicated through insecure channels. To improve communication security, many cryptosystems have been presented in the image encryption literature. This paper proposes a novel image encryption technique based on an algorithm that is faster than current methods. The proposed algorithm eliminates the step in which the secrete key is shared during the encryption process. It is formulated based on the symmetric encryption, asymmetric encryption and steganography theories. The image is encrypted using a symmetric algorithm, then, the secret key is encrypted by means of an asymmetrical algorithm and it is hidden in the ciphered image using a least significant bits steganographic scheme. The analysis results show that while enjoying the faster computation, our method performs close to optimal in terms of accuracy.

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Today, technology and information communication are deeply embedded in our life. Information is present and used in many forms: electronic documents, audio, videos, photos, etc. Recent advances in technology, particularly in the computer industry and communication, have motivated organisations to replace their traditional manually stored and exchanged records with computer systems and digital documents for secure storage and smooth transmission. Medical and biological image processing is a numerical method and technique for modifying a digital image to improve or extract information. The main stages of image processing are: 1. acquisition of the image: by cameras, radars, sensors and so on; 2. image enhancement: Highlight some components of the image or reveal details and make the image clear. 3. image restoration: can be considered as inverting the dosages caused by a processor software. We rely on mathematical or probabilistic models for the degradation of an image; and 4. image segmentation: dividing the image into distinct elements or partitioning the image into objects. In this chapter, we discuss the medical and biological image and related topics such as classification of security of these data, the problem of security.