<p>Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are made up of an important number of sensors, called nodes, distributed in random way in a concerned monitoring area. All sensor nodes in the network are mounted with limited energy sources, which makes energy harvesting on top of the list of issues in WSN. A poor communication architecture can result in excessive consumption, reducing the network lifetime and throughput. Centralizing data collection and the introduction of gateways (GTs), to help cluster heads (CHs), improved WSN life time significantly. However, in vast regions, misplacement and poor distribution of GTs wastes a huge amount of energy and decreases network’s performances. In this work, we describe a reliable and dynamic with energy-awareness routing (RDEAR) protocol that provides a new GT’s election approach taking into consideration CHs density, transmission distance and energy. Applied on 20 different networks, RDEAR reduced the overall energy consumption, increased stability zone and network life time as well as other compared metrics. Our proposed approach increased network’s throughput up to 75.92% , 67.7% and 9.78% compared to the low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), distributed energy efficient clustering (DEEC) and static multihop routing (SMR), protocols, respectively.</p>

<p>Nowadays, many pedestrians are injured or killed in traffic accidents. As a result, several artificial vision solutions based on pedestrian detection have been developed to assist drivers and reduce the number of accidents. Most pedestrian detection techniques work well on sunny days and provide accurate traffic data. However, detection decreases dramatically in rainy conditions. In this paper, a new pedestrian detection system (PDS) based on generative adversarial network (GAN) module and the real-time object detector you only look once (YOLO) v3 is proposed to mitigate adversarial weather attacks. Experimental evaluations performed on the VOC2014 dataset show that our proposed system performs better than models based on existing noise reduction methods in terms of accuracy for weather situations.</p>