BackgroundThe resistance of the bone against damage by repairing itself and adapting to environmental conditions is its most important property. These adaptive changes are regulated by physiological process commonly called the bone remodeling. Better understanding this process requires that we apply the theory of elastic-damage under the hypothesis of small displacements to a bone structure and see its mechanical behavior.ResultsThe purpose of the present study is to simulate a two dimensional model of a proximal femur by taking into consideration elastic-damage and mechanical stimulus. Here, we present a mathematical model based on a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations and we develop the variational formulation for the mechanical problem. Then, we implement our mathematical model into the finite element method algorithm to investigate the effect of the damage.ConclusionThe results are consistent with the existing literature which shows that the bone stiffness drops in damaged bone structure under mechanical loading.

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The rapid expansion of data published on the web has given rise to the similarity problem on a large scale, a very important subject for scientific research in the field of computer science. Several methods have been developed for this. In this paper, we propose the first mathematical model to find the similarity value between generalized trapezoidal fuzzy numbers (GTFNs). This model employs fuzzy inference systems to find the value of an effective weighting, the weights to be associated to different kinds of methods that can handle an important scale of the data. This model will allow us to develop intelligent systems. A comparative study based on 21 sets of GTFNs has been carried out to demonstrate the difference between our approach and existing methods. This study shows that our model is more reasonable than existing methods.

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