The aims of the present study were to investigate growth performances, morphological and chemical body characteristics, blood profiles of Red Tilapia upon dietary Dunaliella salina (D. salina) supplementation. Control and D. salina diets were formulated isonitrogenous and isoenergetic (339.99±0.02 g/kg & 4.5 ± 0.0028 Kcal/g, respectively) and fed during the study. The formulated diets were control diet and D. salina diets supplemented with 33.0, 66.0 and 100% and fed thrice a day to fish (14.37±0.15 g g) for fourteen weeks in 16 tanks containing 30 fish in each. Body weight gain, feed efficiency and morphological and chemical body characteristics of treated D. salina fish were determined in addition to changes in flesh color and blood profiles (red blood cells, hematocrit, glucose and total protein) compared to control one. The results indicated that replacement of fish meal with 33.0% D. salina resulted in comparable results with control diet concerning body weight gain, feed efficiency, morphological and chemical body composition and blood profiles. Diet containing 33% of D. salina had no significant effect in protein productive value when compared to control diet versus 66 and 100% D. salina diets, which decreased the parameter. Productive value of energy was not differed (P > 0.05) between control and D. salina treated groups. On the other hand, the high levels of D. salina (66.0 & 100%) were mostly decreased all the recorded parameters compared to control and 33.0% D. salina diets except body fat content and flesh color, which were significantly (P < 0.05) improved. In conclusion, replacement of fish meal with 33.0% D. salina could be promising of Red Tilapia growth performances, feed efficiency and chemical characteristics.

The use of algae-based green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) for bioremediation is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective alternative to conventional approaches. Algal-mediated synthesis offers several benefits over other biogenic processes, such as plants, bacteria, and fungi, including ease of synthesis, scalability, and rapid synthesis. Algae are readily available in nature, nontoxic, and can produce various types of metal oxide nanoparticles. This approach could significantly accelerate the development of novel algae-nanomaterials with improved properties and performance, leading to more efficient and cost-effective bioremediation of pollutants from water solutions, seawater, and industrial effluent. This review focuses on the biogenic fabrication of metal oxide nanoparticles based on aquatic plants (microalgae and seaweeds) due to their many advantages and attractive applications in pollutant remediation from aqueous solutions. Additionally, photocatalysis is highlighted as a promising tool for the remediation of industrial effluents due to its efficacy, ease of use, quick oxidation, cost-effectiveness, and reduced synthesis of harmful byproducts.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with nano-curcumin (NCur) and a nano-curcumin/chitosan blend (NCur/Ch) on growth performance, digestibility, immune response, antioxidant status, intestinal morphometric characters, and gene regulation in Nile tilapia. Fish (n = 180, initial body weight = 12.0 ± 0.53 g) received supplementary NCur at rates of 0 (control), 0.00625, and 0.0125, and NCur/Ch at rates of 0.00625 + 0.5 g/kg diet for 4 weeks. Growth performance parameters (final weight and length, body mass gain, specific growth, and length gain rates) were markedly increased, and the feed conversion ratio was significantly decreased in the NCur- and NCur/Ch-supplemented groups. Digestive enzyme (amylase), immune response markers (immunoglobulin M, nitrous oxide, and lysozyme activity), plasma albumin, and total protein were increased significantly, mainly with a diet supplemented with 0.00625 g NCur/kg. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glucose, and cortisol levels decreased in the supplemented groups compared to the control. Significantly increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were observed in the NCur/Ch group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was improved in the 0.0125 NCur group. Intestinal morphometric characters, including villus length, width, interspace, and goblet cell abundance, were increased to cope with improved growth performance and were associated with upregulation of insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf-1) and complement C-5 (cc5) compared to the control group. Therefore, NCur and an NCur/Ch blend could be supplemented in the Nile tilapia diets as a natural alternative to promote growth, digestion, immune status, liver function, antioxidant status, and related gene expression in O. niloticus.