Background: Typhoid fever is still a major public health issue in Sudan, notably in communities with limited healthcare systems, with an uneducated population that lives in unhygienic environments, and with residents who habitually drink unsafe water from tube wells rather than washing their hands after using the restroom. Objective: To clarify the prevalence and risk factors for typhoid fever among those who are symptomatic and consult the Omar Bin Al-Khattab Health Center, the current study was performed. Methods: To clarify the incidence and predisposing factors of typhoid fever among patients presenting at Omar Bin Al Kattab Health Center, a retrospective analytical study was performed in 2022. From each level, 50 respondents in total were selected randomly. The tool for gathering information was an open-ended questionnaire included personal data as well as risk factors. History of typhoid fever was confirmed by detection of antibodies of S. typhi by using ICT for enteric fever (ICT INTERNATIONAL ,South Africa, with sensitivity: 86.7%,specificity: 99.7%, and accuracy: 99.0% ) ,and S. paratyphi were not detected .The statistical program for the social sciences (SPSS), version 16, was used to describe and interpret the study's statistics. With the use of an anonymous research tool, respondent confidentiality was secured. Informed consent was obtained from the patients by making voluntary contact with them via their registered phone numbers. The gathered information was only intended to further the priorities of the research. Results: The plurality of study participants (66%) were between the ages of 21 and 40, and 54% (27) were undergraduates. 58% of participants have experienced typhoid (S. typhi), and 90% of interviewees were knowledgeable of the infection. In accordance with the allocation of participants based on the mode of transmission, food and drink account for 74% of all participants, making them more fundamental precepts of typhoid fever transmission. Summer was the most common season for typhoid (64%), and 52% of participants had fever as a distinct feature. 42 % of respondents claimed that the water supply was healthy. The food is heated before meals by 50% of participants, prepared at home by 40% of respondents, and purchased ready-to-eat by 18% of informants. Furthermore, 34% of people use heating to kill microbes, with vaccination being the least effective approach. Conclusion: The study revealed that the total prevalence of typhoid fever in the group studied was 58%, and knowledge, awareness, healthy and well-prepared food, as well as water supply, are significant risk factors.

Background: Sepsis is a complicated disorder highlighted by the concurrent acceleration of coagulation and inflammation as a consequence of microbial assault. It has an important influence on hospitalized patients' need for mechanical ventilation and ICU admission. Objectives: The study's primary goal is to determine whether septic patients who require invasive mechanical ventilation fared well and whether their clinical condition improved or worsened after being connected to mechanical ventilation. The research also attempts to evaluate how additional medical interventions and other comorbidities affect the patient's prognosis. Material and methods: From November 2017 to May 2018, 160 patients with severe sepsis or septic shock were taken part in a prospective cross-sectional trial. The information was gathered using a straightforward, standardized questionnaire that included questions regarding the admission, progress, and outcome of septic patients who received mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit. Results: 58 (36%) of the 160 patients were female, with 102 (64%) of the patients being male. In the age range of 60 to 70 years, 41 of them (or 25.6%) were detected. The majority of patients (59/369) had sepsis from a chest infection. Most of the patients, 87 (54.4%), got a combination of midazolam and fentanyl for sedation and analgesia. The majority of the patients, 85 (53%) had SIM/PS ventilation. Ultimately, 71 patients (44.4%) died, 80 patients (50%) were extubated, and 9 patients (5.6%) remained stationary and had a tracheostomy. Additionally, age, reasons, sedative type, and duration of stay were all substantially linked with the MV consequences (P 0.05). Conclusion: The better the outcome, the earlier septic patients who need IMV were identified and attached to IMV. It has been demonstrated that receiving IMV decreased mortality in septic patients by around 50%. The findings suggest that this intervention should be made more widely available and more reasonably priced by the authorities, along with the training of additional staff and the development of standard protocols for treating patients with such a condition. Focusing on health education awareness, establishing a focused outpatient department, and promptly screening patients who necessitate early referral to a tertiary care facility are the three most crucial aspects.