No abstract

Purpose This paper aims to develop a non-linear finite element model predicting the response of externally strengthened beams under a three-point flexure test. Design/methodology/approach The ANSYS software is used for modeling. SOILD65, LINK180, SHELL181 and SOLID185 elements are used, respectively, to model concrete, steel reinforcement, polymer and steel plate support. A parametric study was carried out. The effects of compressive strength, Young’s modulus, layers number and carbon fiber-reinforced polymer thickness on beam behavior are analyzed. A comparative study between the non-linear finite element and analytical models, including the ACI 440.2 R-08 model, and experimental data is also carried out. Findings A comparative study of the non-linear finite element results with analytical models, including the ACI 440.2 R-08 model and experimental data for different parameters, shows that the strengthened beams possessed better resistance to cracks. In general, the finite element model’s results are in good agreement with the experimental test data. Practical implications This model will predict the strengthened beams behavior and can describe the beams physical conditions, yielding the results that can be interpreted in the structural study context without using a laboratory testing. Originality/value On the basis of the results, a good match is found between the model results and experimental data at all stages of loading the tested samples. Crack models obtained in the non-linear finite element model in the beams are also presented. The submitted finite element model can be used to predict the behavior of the reinforced concrete beam. Also, the comparative study between an analytical model proposed by of current code of ACI 440.2 R-08 and finite element analysis is investigated.

Purpose This paper aims to analyze the performance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened in shear with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets subjected to four-point bending. Design/methodology/approach ANSYS software is used to build six models. In addition, SOILD65, LINK180, SHELL181 and SOLID185 elements are used, respectively, to model concrete, steel reinforcement, polymer and steel plate support. A comparative study between the nonlinear finite element and analytical models, including the ACI 440.2 R-08 and FIB14 models as well as experimental data, is also carried out. Findings The comparative study of the nonlinear finite element results with analytical models shows that the difference between the predicted load capacity ranges from 4.44%–24.49% in the case of the ACI 440.2 R-08 model, while the difference for FIB14 code ranges from 2.69%–26.03%. It is clear that there is a good agreement between the nonlinear finite element analysis (NLFEA) results and the different expected CFRP codes. Practical implications This model can be used to explore the behavior and predict the RC beams strengthened in shear with different CFRP properties. They could be used as a numerical platform in contrast to expensive and time-consuming experimental tests. Originality/value On the basis of the results, a good match is found between the model results and the experimental data at all stages of loading the tested samples. Load capacities as well as load deflection curves are also presented. It is concluded that the differences between the loads at failure ranged from 0.09%–6.16% and 0.56%–4.98%, comparing with experimental study. In addition, the increase in compressive strength produces an increase in the ultimate load capacity of the beam. The difference in the ultimate load capacity was less than 30% when compared with the American Concrete Institute and FIB14 codes.

Waste and industrial by-products represent a significant percentage of the industrial landfill. The evaluation of these products has a dual effect: it avoids both the landfill (risk of environmental pollution) and limits the use of natural aggregates (depletion of natural resources and landscape fragmentation and the imbalance of the ecosystem). In recent years, applications for industrial waste have been taken into account in the construction of roads with a great interest in many industrialized countries and developing countries. The use of these materials in the construction of the road is a decision based on technical, economic and ecological criteria. In Algeria, the steel plant of El-Hadjar (Annaba), due to its activity generates a significant industrial waste (slag) which creates a storage problem and pollution. For industrialized countries, this product is an abundant raw material at low cost that must be used on a large scale public works. Our study implies the use of slag in the preparation of the subgrade and surface course (as coated). The results of chemical, physical and mechanical analyses of El-Hadjar slag and materials developed, compared to those of natural aggregates, can be used as aggregate in road construction.

This study investigates numerically utilizing nonlinear finite element (ANSYS software) and analytically the shear response of the Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams. Different beams are considered in the current study, such as RC, steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) without web reinforcement, and RC externally reinforced in the shear zone with carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. Nonlinear finite element model (FEM) is designed to simulate the performance of the designed beams. The results of FEM are compared to experimental measurements and standard design codes (ACI 440.2R-17, FIB 14, CNR-DT200, and ACI 318-19). According to the experimental approach and nonlinear finite element, the enhancement in the load carrying capacity of SFRC beam due to CFRP strengthening decreases with a volume fraction of steel fibres of 2%. However, the effect of CFRP strengthening on the shear behaviour of RC beams was observed in increased load carrying and ultimate deflection capacities as a result of the CFRP strengthening. The results show that CFRP has a significant contribution to shear strength. At each load increment, the created model accurately reproduced the initial and progressive crack patterns. A comparison of nonlinear finite element and analytical models was conducted using the codes ACI 440.2R-17, FIB 14, CNR-DT200, and ACI 318-19. Numerically, the FEM results showed a high agreement with ACI 440.2R-17 standard code, with correlation approach to 99%. The comparison experimental load capacity of beams to FEM and ACI 440.2R-17 shows that the FEM can be significantly used to estimate the shear strength of beams in the X-Y directions with simulating different scenarios of CFRP and SFRC characteristics. The discrepancy between the nonlinear FEA and the theoretical predictions from the ACI 440.2R-17 code is less than 1%, from the FIB14 code is less than 2%, from the CNR-DT200 code is less than 15%, and from the ACI 318-19 code is less than 30%. The ultimate load capacity evaluated based on ACI 440.2R-17 code provision shows a good agreement with the experimental data as compared to the others’ code provision. The results of the finite element analysis and analytical models were in good agreement with the experimental results. The most significant advantage of finite element analysis over experimental approaches was that it can aid in the investigation of different output results that cannot be measured experimentally, such as shear stress in the XY direction throughout the beam strengthened in shear with different CFRP properties and steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC).