A cross-sectional study of camel mastitis was conducted on 150 lactating camels from July to December 2019 to figure out the prevalence of both clinical and subclinical mastitis in lactating camels in the Benadir Region of Somalia and also to recognize the associated microorganisms as causal agents of mastitis. The prevalence of this study was measured by using California mastitis test (CMT). Milk samples were collected from the Deyniile District, Benadir Region of Somalia. The overall prevalence of mastitis was 16.66% (7.93% on the quarter basis), the prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis was found to be 22.78% and 9.85% on the animal basis and 9.37% and 6.15% on quarter basis, respectively. The hind quarters were more frequently affected than the fore-quarters. The bacteriological inspection of milk samples revealed that Staphylococcus spp. was the primary etiological agent in both clinical and subclinical mastitis in camels (38.88%), followed by Streptococcus spp. (18.51%), Enterobacterium spp. (14.81%), Corynebacterium spp. (14.81%), Micrococcus spp.(5.55%), Pasteurella spp. (5.55%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.85%). The prevalence of camel mastitis in the study area was significantly low this might be because of the environmental factors as well as the hygienic managements of the farms. Therefore, implementation of integrated approaches has great importance in the study sites for the avoidance and management of mastitis hence minimizing economic loss and prevents significant public health risks.

A cross-sectional sero-prevalence study using random sampling was conducted from June to November 2019 in the selected districts of the Benadir Region of Somalia (Karaan District) and (Deyniile District) to determine the seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis and assess the potential risk factors. In this study, a total of 395 animals aged from 7 months and above were screened for Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal plate test, and positive sera were confirmed by complement fixation test. Four sera samples out of the 395 (0.7%) reacted positively for the Rose Bengal plate test and one of them reacted positively for the complement fixation test (0.2%). In the present result of this study, the prevalence in female and male and age were not significantly related to the seroprevalence of brucellosis (P>0.05). But there is a significant relationship of seropositivity of brucellosis with a record of abortion (P<0.05).The current cross-sectional study of bovine brucellosis in the Benadir region of Somalia showed is very low. There is a need to institute control measures of brucellosis through vaccination education on control to the public and conducting serosurveys and those animals testing positive culled.

This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of Fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) on overall performance of broiler. A total of 96-day old Cobb-500 chicks were randomly divided into four dietary treatment groups namely 0, 1, 2 and 3 having three replications in each treatment group. Brooded chicks were randomly separated into replications wise separate pen to rear up to 4 weeks. Each treatment group contains 24 birds (8 birds in each replication). Experimental birds in 1, 2 and 3 were provided fenugreek seeds meal with 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% of feed while 0 was provided with standard feed and considered as control group. The results of this study were indicated that final live weight gain and feed efficiency of birds was significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher in 3 compared to 2, 1 and 0 respectively. The result also indicated that feed efficiency was increased at dose rate of 1.5% fenugreek seeds meal in 3 compared to 2 1 and control 0 group respectively. In case of meat yield parameters there was significant (P&lt;0.05) difference among treatment groups except liver weight. The carcass weight was significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher in 3 group compared to the control group. The lowest feed cost was found in 0 and highest profit in 3 group. Based on the current study, it is concluded that fenugreek seed meal at a dose of 1.5% can be used as growth promoter for the production of broiler chicken.

Activity 5.Selection of target groups and determination of preferred dissemination pathways.

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