Acetone is a valuable chemical product. It can be obtained by oxidative dehydrogenation of isopropyl alcohol, oxidation of propylene, decomposition of acetic acid and ethyl alcohol, oxidation of cymene and others. Among the known processes for the production of acetone, the most promising is the synthesis by hydration of acetylene in the presence of catalysts. The advantage of this method is the possibility of carrying out the process in existing plants for the production of acetic aldehyde. On the other hand, the process of simultaneously producing acetaldehyde and acetone under the influence of multifunctional catalysts and carrying out the process using flexible technology is promising. The vapor-phase hydration of acetylene with the formation of acetone on polyfunctional catalysts was studied. Process parameters are found that provide acetone with high selectivity and acetylene conversion. At present, acetic aldehyde is mainly obtained by two methods - hydration of acetylene and oxidation of ethylene. The process of hydration of acetylene to acetic aldehyde in the presence of catalysts has been studied quite well. Numerous catalysts have been proposed for this process. Among the known catalysts for hydration of acetylene to acetic aldehyde, the most active was the cadmium calcium phosphate catalyst (CCF), which is recommended for industrial use. However, cadmium calcium phosphate catalyst is not without drawbacks. The average yield of acetaldehyde in one pass of acetylene does not exceed 7.0%. The CCF catalyst is very sensitive to temperature changes, its service life before regeneration does not exceed 72-76 hours. Keywords: acetone, propylene, hydration process, catalyst, crosslinking, multifunctional properties.

In the study, the catalytic hydration reaction of acetylene in the presence of catalysts based on local raw materials was carried out under stationary conditions in a flow reactor made of stainless steel with a diameter of 25 mm and a height of 1000 mm. The reaction products were analyzed chromatographically. In the presence of the created fluoride catalyst, the conversion of acetylene is 75-80%, the yield of acetaldehyde is 93%, the yield of acetone is 2.5%. The reason for the high activity of cadmium-zinc-aluminum catalysts is explained by the fact that they form the active center of ox fluorides on the surface of the catalyst. The effect of temperature, volumetric velocity, acetylene: water ratio, etc. on acetaldehyde yield in the presence of the selected catalyst was studied. When the effect of temperature was studied in the range of 300-440oC, an increase in acetylene conversion and a decrease in acetaldehyde selectivity were found with increasing temperature. X-ray studies have established that cadmium-chromo-fluoro-aluminum catalysts have high activity in polymorphic-crystalline state.

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Background: Replacing the cadmium–calcium phosphate catalyst with a zinc-containing catalyst makes it possible to obtain acetone in good yield with minor changes in technology. Aim: Study the kinetic laws of obtaining acetone by catalytic hydration. Materials and methods: Experiments on the catalytic hydration of acetylene and its derivatives in the gas phase were carried out in a reactor with a diameter of 25 mm, a height of 1000 mm, and made of stainless steel under stationary conditions. Results and discussions: In the reaction of hydration of acetylene and its derivatives, the use of (Fe2O3)x:(MoO3)y :(ZnO)z:(Mn2O3)k catalysts can be highly efficient and promising in production, obtaining high-quality products.

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