Drought is a natural climatic phenomenon that occurs when rainfall is less than average for an extended period of time. It can occur at any time and in any location. Droughts are extremely difficult to predict at the start and end. It happens quietly, and the consequences can last for years after the event is over. Drought is a natural occurrence with economic, environmental, and social implications. Drought is characterised by a prolonged lack of precipitation that results in significant water scarcity in a region. Drought usually begins in agriculture and then spreads to other water-dependent industries. Due to its geographical location, fragile environment, volatile climate, political instability in the country, and the potential effects of global warming, Somalia is vulnerable to drought. Reducing the negative effects of drought is possible if precautions are taken prior to the drought and proper planning is made during the drought period. As a result, the measures to be taken before the drought and the steps that can be taken during the drought should be planned separately. Although we cannot increase water supply by ensuring the continuity of precipitation, we can mitigate the negative effects of drought.

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As a result of climate change, Somalia has experienced severe droughts in recent decades because Somalia is a water-scarce country in East Africa with arid and semi-arid environments. In this study, drought in Somalia from 2010 to 2021 was investigated. For this purpose, the agroclimatological data consisting of precipitation, air temperature, and potential evapotranspiration (ETp) were obtained and calculated in DrinC software. The Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) were used as meteorologically based to measure drought severity and analyse the variability of drought events in Somalia during the last decade. Most years experienced rainfall deficits and severe drought in the study area, but the worst years were 2010-2011 and 2016-2017. The results of the RDI and SPI variations showed that drought was most severe in 2016-2017 and 2010-2011, with the south-eastern region being the most severely affected. The results of this analysis should provide valuable guidance to future scientists, researchers, and national managers researching this topic.